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WHITE BLOOD CELLS LEUKOCYTES (WBCs)

WHITE BLOOD CELLS LEUKOCYTES (WBCs). Dr. Shaikh Mujeeb Ahmed. PLASMA. CELLS. PATHOGENS. INFECTIONS. TYPES (CLASSIFICATION). G r anulocytes Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Ag ranulocytes Lymphocytes T lymphocyte B lymphocyte

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WHITE BLOOD CELLS LEUKOCYTES (WBCs)

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  1. WHITE BLOOD CELLSLEUKOCYTES(WBCs) Dr. ShaikhMujeeb Ahmed

  2. PLASMA CELLS

  3. PATHOGENS

  4. INFECTIONS

  5. TYPES (CLASSIFICATION) • Granulocytes • Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils • Agranulocytes • Lymphocytes • T lymphocyte • B lymphocyte • Monocytes  macrophage system • Thrombocytes (platelets)

  6. CLASSIFICATION GRANULOCYTES AGRANULOCYTES

  7. Concentration (Normal Counts)

  8. Site of Formation • Ultimately originate from same undifferentiated multipotent stem cells in red bone marrow • Granulocytes and monocytes are produced only in bone marrow • Most new lymphocytes are actually produced by lymphocytes already in lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes and tonsils • Total number of white cells and percentage of each type may vary considerably to meet changing defense needs

  9. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICSOF WBCSs

  10. Life span of leukocytes: • Granulocytes 4-8 hours • Monocytes 10-20 hours • Lymphocytes & macrophages  months & years

  11. NEUTROPHILS • Most Abundant WBCs 60-70 % • Size: 15-20 µm • Nucleus: Multilobed 2-5 lobes • Life span: 6-8 hours

  12. DEFENSIVE PROPERTIES OF MACROPHAGES NEUTROPHILS • Diapedesis • Chemotaxis • Opsonization • Degranulation • Phagocytosis & Digestion

  13. ENZYMATIC Granules Heparin Histamine Bradykinin Serotinin Defensins Lysosomal enzymes Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis PMNs Digestive System(Antimicrobial system)

  14. PMNs Digestive System(Antimicrobial system) NON ENZYMATIC respiratory burst O2 Free Radicals (O-2, H2O2, -OH) NADPH-oxidase Myeloperoxidase Cl- HoCl Hypochlorousacid “very toxic”

  15. Eosinophil • Granules contain arginine rich protein, which take acid dye (eosin) • Function: Phagocytosis • Chemotaxis: attracted towards chronic inflammation • Neutralises allergic products such histamine, 5-HT, Ag-Ab complex, bradykinin (allergic disease of skin &lungs) • Phagocytosis is same as neutrophil, but less efficient

  16. Eosinophils cont, • High eosinophil count: • Parasitic (hook worm, ascaris, bilharzia) • Allergic (asthma, rhinitis, drug reaction) • Dermatological diseases

  17. Basophils • Weak phagocytic cells • Granules contain polysaccharide granules > base methylene blue color. • Similar to mast cells releases its granules containing heparin, histamine, 5HT. Which causes inflammation reaction

  18. MONOCYTES • No Granules but Vacoules • Size: 15-20 µm • More Efficient than Neutrophils • Life span: 10-20 hours in blood

  19. MACROPHAGES • Two types • Fixed • Mobile

  20. Reticuloendothelial SystemMonocyte/Macrophage System TISSUE MACROPHAGE SYSTEM Consist of; • Monocytes • Mobile macrophages • fixed tissue macrophages • specialized endothelial cells in bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes

  21. Reticuloendothelial SystemMonocytes/Macrophage System Examples are: - 1. Tissue macrophages in Skin and Subcutaneous tissues (Histiocytes) 2. Macrophages of Lymph Nodes 3. Alveolar macrophages 4. Tissue macrophages in Liver sinuses (Kupffer Cells) 5. Macrophages of Spleen & Bone marrow 6. Microglia in Brain

  22. Tissue macrophages in Liver sinuses

  23. Lymphocytes • Provide immune defense against targets for which they are specifically programmed • Live about 100 to 300 days • 2 types of lymphocytes • B lymphocytes • Produce antibodies which circulate in blood • Responsible for antibody-mediated or humoral immunity • T lymphocytes • Do not produce antibodies • Directly destroy specific target cells by releasing chemicals that punch holes in the victim cell (cell-mediated immunity) • Target cells include body cells invaded by viruses and cancer cells

  24. Lines of DefenseResponse to Inflammation • 1stline of defense – Tissue macrophages & Physical Barriers 2. 2ndline of defense – Neutrophil Invasion of the inflamed area 3. 3rd line of defense – Monocytes –macrophage invasion of inflamed area 4. 4th line of defense – Increased production of granulocytes and Monocytes by Bone marrow

  25. 1st line of defense – Tissue macrophages

  26. 2nd line of defense – Neutrophil Invasion

  27. 3rd line of defense – Monocytes –macrophage THIRD

  28. 4th line of defense – Increased production of granulocytes and Monocytes by Bone marrow

  29. IMPORTANT TERMS • Leukocytosis • Leukopenia • Neutrophilia • Leukemias • Pus

  30. Formation of Pus • Dead Neutrophils • Dead Macrophages • Necrotic tissue

  31. Thank you

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