1 / 33

White blood cells

Dr Q Sedick. White blood cells. Haemopoeisis. Haemopoeisis starts with a pluripotential stem cell that gives rise to separate cell lineages. Leucocytes. May be divided into 2 groups: 1.Phagocytes:granulocytes & monocytes 2.Immunocytes:lymphocytes & plasma cells

edaline
Download Presentation

White blood cells

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Dr Q Sedick White blood cells

  2. Haemopoeisis • Haemopoeisis starts with a pluripotential stem cell that gives rise to separate cell lineages.

  3. Leucocytes May be divided into 2 groups: 1.Phagocytes:granulocytes & monocytes 2.Immunocytes:lymphocytes & plasma cells Phagocytes & immunocytes serve to protect the body against infection using immunoglobin and complement systems.

  4. Granulocytes • Comprised of neutrophils, eosinophils & basophils

  5. Neutrophil development

  6. Granulopoeisis • Many growth factors are involved in the maturation process • Includes IL-1/IL-3/IL-5/IL-6/IL-11/GM-CSF/G-CSF/M-CSF • GF stimulate proliferation and differentiation and also affect the function of mature cells on which they act

  7. Neutrophils • Characterized by a dense nucleus consisting of 2-5 lobes, pale cytoplasm with an irregular outline containing many fine pink granules

  8. Neutrophil granules • Consists if primary & secondary granules • Primary : myeloperoxidase/acid phosphatase/acid hydrolases • Secondary: collagenase/lactoferrin & lysozyme

  9. Monocytes Large oval/indented nucleus, clumped chromatin & abundant blue cytoplasm

  10. Neutrophil/monocyte functions • Chemotaxis-phagocytes are attracted to bacteria by chemotactic substances released from the damaged tissues/by complement or by leucocyte adhesion molecules • Phagocytosis-neutrophils & monocytes have FC and C3B receptors which aid in opsonization of bacteria

  11. Neutrophil/monocyte function • Secretion of growth factors & chemokines-aid in pro-inflammatory processes • Killing and digestion: via oxygen-dependant and oxygen- independent pathways

  12. Eosinophils • Consists of 2-3 nuclear lobes/ red-staining coarser cytoplasmic granules • Enter inflammatory exudates • Special role in allergic responses/defense against parasites and removal of fibrin formed during inflammation

  13. Basophils • Dark cytoplasmic granules which overly the nucleus • Contain heparin and histamine-released on degranulation • Have IGE attachment sites • In tissues-mast cells

  14. Defects of leucocytes NEUTROPHIL LEUCOCYTOSIS: >7,5 X 10^9/L • Bacterial infections, e.g. : periodontitis • Inflammation and tissue necrosis, • Metabolic disorders • Neoplasm's • Acute haemorrhage/ haemolysis • Drugs e.g. :lithium

  15. Leucocytosis… • Haematological malignancies: CML/myeloproliferative disorders/polycythaemia vera/myelofibrosis/AML • Treatment with myeloid growth factors • Asplenia • Rare inherited disorders, e.g.: Down syndrome

  16. The leukemoid reaction • Reactive and excessive leucocytosis characterised by the presence of immature cells in the peripheral blood • Seen in severe chronic infections/severe haemolysis & metastatic cancer

  17. Severe chronic infections

  18. Malignancy

  19. Eosinophilia >0,4 x 10^9/l Causes are as follows: • Allergy / atopy • Parasitic disease • Skin diseases- urticuria • Drug-induced • Asthma & pulmonary syndromes-association with nasal polyps

  20. Urticuria

  21. Eosinophilia • Vasculitidis-polyarteritisnodosa • Malignancies-metastatic and haematological • Chronic eosinophilicleukaemia • Hypereosinophilic syndrome

  22. Allergy/atopy

  23. Basophilia • >0,1 x 10^9/l • Causes include reactive and malignant • Reactive: infections like small pox & chicken pox • Myeloproliferative disorders-Chronic myeloid leukaemia

  24. Monocytosis >0,8 x 10^9/l • Chronic bacterial infections • Protozoan infections • Collagen vascular disease-SLE • Lymphoma • Myelodysplasia

  25. Neutropaenia <2,5 x 10^9/l • Infections of the mouth & throat(bacterial/viral) • Immune-SLE,hypersensitivity,anaphylaxis • Drug-induced • Congenital - Kostmanns syndrome • Bone marrow failure

  26. Lymphocytes • Lymphocytes are the immunologically competent cells that assist the phagocytes in defense of the body against infection • They are involved in processes such as antigen specificity and immunological memory

  27. Lymphocyte development • Consists of T and B cells • B cells: Derives from the stem cell,matures in the bone marrow and circulates in the peripheral blood until antigen recognition On activation B cells secrete immunoglobulin and is known as plasma cells

  28. B cells/plasma cells

  29. T cells T CELLS: • Derive from the thymus and differentiates into mature T cells during its passage to the bone marrow • Involved in immunological processes such as cell mediated cytotoxicity

  30. Lymphocytosis • Acute infections-infectious mononucleosis/rubella/pertussis/mumps/herpes/CMV/HIV • Chronic infections-TB/brucellosis/syphillus • Chronic lymphocytic leukaemias • Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/NHL

  31. Infectious mononucleosis

  32. THANK YOU!

More Related