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Mosquitoes, Control, Salmon and West Nile Virus

Mosquitoes, Control, Salmon and West Nile Virus. By: Dirk the “Bug Guy” Morrow BioScience Ltd. June 12 th , 2004. Introduction. WNV The creature Creature control history Controlling options Controlling ideology Conclusions. West Nile Virus. WNV History What has happened so far?

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Mosquitoes, Control, Salmon and West Nile Virus

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  1. Mosquitoes, Control, Salmon and West Nile Virus By: Dirk the “Bug Guy” Morrow BioScience Ltd. June 12th, 2004 Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  2. Introduction • WNV • The creature • Creature control history • Controlling options • Controlling ideology • Conclusions Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  3. West Nile Virus • WNV History • What has happened so far? • 2004 arrival? • Questions; • What are we doing? • What are they doing? • What can you do? • Mosquito Lesson Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  4. West Nile Virus • First isolated in Uganda in 1937 • Regular outbreaks in Romania, Africa, Western Asia, Egypt, Israel, India, France, Czech Republic • Arrived in New York in 1999 • Since spread all across North America • Found in over 180 species of birds • Also in seals, alligators, bats, dogs, cats, chipmunks, squirrels, striped skunks, horses, humans . . . • Now endemic in eastern North America Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  5. U.S. 2003 • 9862 reported cases • 264 deaths • Countless birds Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  6. Canada 2003 • Over 1388 reported cases • 14 deaths • ~ 356 horse deaths (2002) • Countless birds Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  7. How did it get here? • Not known for sure • Birds? • Mosquitoes? The West Nile Virus responsible for the 1999 outbreak in New York was a lineage 1 virus that circulated in Israel from 1997, suggesting possible viral importation into North America from the Middle East. Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  8. Where is it now? • As of 2003. . . • Alberta, • Idaho, • California • Could it be here? • Haven’t found it . . . Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  9. 2004 Arrival • Predicted to come into BC either through the Kootenays or the Lower Mainland • Likely to see Crows first • Then mosquitoes, horses and humans (in that order) • Not always the case • BC is prepared • Ready to respond, • Set up to detect it. Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  10. Corvid Surveillance Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  11. What happens when WNV arrives to a new area? • Over time see 1% to 4% of the population will show antibodies against WNV • Of those affected, about 80% do not have any signs or symptoms of infection • Of those affected, about 20% will have a ‘flu-like’ illness lasting about a week • Of those affected, 1% or less will develop serious illness(neurological illness with meningitis and/or encephalitis)and, of these some will die • Children (not many instances of illness) • Older adults (most affected – particularly if already compromised) Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  12. How does this compare to other causes of death? Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  13. What are “They” doing? • BCCDC (BC Centre for Disease Control) • Setting up mosquito and bird testing facilities • Paying for weekly couriers to testing facilities • Taking lead in WNV announcements • HA (Health Authoritys) • Working with us on Public Relations Material • Committing to bird surveillance • Conducting adult mosquito trapping • Fielding calls concerning WNV and Human health • MHOs will be making call whether or not to adulticide • BCVMA (BC Veterinary Medicine Association) • Equestrian Vaccination and surveillance • Fielding calls concerning WNV and Veterinary health Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  14. What does this mean? • Requirement to investigate mosquitoes • Possible requirement to control • Where are mosquitoes found, and how does this potentially impact fish and fish resources? • A look at mosquitoes is imperative. Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  15. The Creature • 3,100+ species worldwide, • Found on almost all continents, • Responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, • Only the female bites, • Blood required for egg production, • Eat pollen (mostly), • Many life histories all based on same life cycle, • Capable of making the most annoying sound known to mankind, • US military has special units. Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  16. Quick Lesson: Mosquitoes as Vectors • Transmission cycle • Carried by birds • Amplified by mosquitoes • Transmitted by “bridging” vectors • Manifested in illness • Species in the Valley • 24 known species • Not all transmit WNV (11 possible, 6 OK, 2 well) • We will be targeting the 2 (may change) • (C. tarsalis, C. pipiens) Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  17. Mosquito Life Cycle Prevention Targets Main Target for Control Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  18. Habitat requirements • Water • More water • Little bits of water • Yucky water • Nice water • Always still water • Some vegetation • No vegetation • Only vegetation Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  19. Where to look • EVERYWHERE!! • Ditches, • Sloughs, • Ponds, • Containers, • Etc . . . Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  20. Main local Mosquitoes • Aedes vexans • Floodwater, low oxygen, “warm” water, • Cottonwoods, reed grasses, blackberries, • Main nuisance pest, mostly bite humans, very prolific, • Culex tarsalis • Yucky water, high organic, • usually around livestock, • High Vector importance, bite anything, • Culex pipiens • Less vegetation, any water, • Often around poultry, roosting areas, • Important in WNV cycle, mainly a bird-biter, Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  21. Mosquito Control History • Simon Fraser, 1808, • Eric Hearle, 1926, • Harrison Hotel, • Barrowtown, • LMMCB, • Present day, • A mix of program structures, • All with similar control strategies. Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  22. Reasons to control • Economics . . . . • Golf courses, • Outdoor recreation, • Tourism (RV parks), • Nuisance . . . . • Backyard bbqs, • General pain, • Disease prevention (Vector control) . . . . • “Doing something” • Protect wildlife . . . . • Birds (raptors) Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  23. Fish Issues / Vector Mosquitoes • Reduce or eliminate mosquitoes without negatively impacting fish, • Food and nutrient value of site, • Potential poison event, • Negative alteration of habitat. Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  24. Treatment Options • “No treatment” is an option . . . • Habitat alteration . . . • Mowing vegetation, • Planting vegetation, • Disturbing water surface (fountain or flowing), • Total removal, • Pesticide Use . . . • Larval controls . . . • Mainly using BTI, • Largest portion of any control program by far, • Adult controls . . . • Trying to move away from this, • Broad spectrum chemical Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  25. No Treatment • Realizing mosquitoes are temporary, • Taking personal protection measures, However . . . • Control can be accomplished, • Expectation by public to provide some level, • Highlights need to prioritize sites Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  26. Habitat Alteration • Adjust vegetation, • Reduce but not eliminate particular mosquitoes, • Disturb water surface, • Not practical on large scale (good for private and golf courses), • Remove breeding potential, • Sure fire way to reduce mosquitoes, However . . . • Habitat not only important for mosquitoes, • Predators, beneficials, fish, birds, etc . . . • Not always possible or practical, • Also highlights need to prioritize sites Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  27. Pesticides • B.t.i. • Larval Control • Floodwater • Ponds • Sensitive areas • Pyrethrin • Adult Control • Restricted applications • Methoprene • Non fish-bearing water (tough to find in BC) • Where residual requirement over-rides sensitivities • Will only be used in catch basins or unconnected waters Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  28. BTI Mode of Action • Non toxic • Target specific • Not residual • Fast acting • Very effective However . . . • Can reduce food source, • Can affect midges and chironomids (if applied incorrectly) Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  29. Adult control – Not recommended • In response to high levels of WNV, • “3 bites per minute” – from PUP, • Ordered by health, • Working on developing more accountable thresholds. • How this typically works, • We would determine high levels of adult mosquitoes (phone calls, trapping, or personal observation), • Investigate area for PFZs (Organic farms, sensitive areas, requested avoidance, wells and water intakes, etc . . .) • Make a determination if spraying is feasible, • Schedule treatment, • Notify residents (likely they would already be aware), • Conduct treatment, • Follow-up (did it work?). Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  30. Treatment Summary Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  31. Control Goals • Nuisance control . . . . • Elimination? • Bearability? • Middle? • Vector control . . . . • Zero disease occurrence? • Transmission reduction? • Zero death? Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  32. Control Strategy • Integrated Pest Management • Don’t “spray everything” • All available tools • Focus on best control with least impact • 6 step program • Planning • Investigation (species ID and location) • Monitoring • Threshold decisions • Treatment options • Review Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  33. Mapping Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  34. So . . . What to do? • Map and Monitor . . . • Follow mosquito population (treat when necessary) • Indicators of overall health • Maintain habitat to increase biodiversity • Assist with predator augmentation • Not usually possible • Post information Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  35. ATTENTIONMOSQUITOES GO AWAY!! (please) What will happen when it arrives? • Educate! Educate! Educate!!!! • Intense Surveillance • Monitor situation with Health • Increased mosquito control (mostly larval) • Public areas???? • Close parks? • Signs in other public areas? • Educate! Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  36. What if I find a dead bird? • Don’t touch it with bare hands • Notify the FHA (call 1-888-WNV-LINE) • Use gloves, shovel or tongs or pick it up doggy bag style • In Langley – bury the bird (not in the vegetable garden) • Report it online if information not given to FHA (www.bccdc.org) Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  37. Province (various ministries) Local governments(regional and municipal) Mosquito Control Contractors Parks Engineering BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Canadian Blood Services Other Health Authorities Animal Health Centre SPCA Local Wildlife Rehab Centres Various Laboratories Canadian Food Inspection Agency(CFIA) Experts in specific areas Contacts in areas that have experienced WNV Partners in WNV Action Plan Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  38. What can you do? • Notify Mosquito Control • Swamp locations • Adult activity • Bug proof your home • Remove development sites • Screens on windows • Protect yourselves • Wear proper clothes • Use repellent • Limit exposure Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  39. Recommendations for Outdoors • Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks when possible • Spray exposed skin with an insect repellent • Wash treated skin with soap and water after returning indoors • Spray clothing with products containing DEET, as mosquitoes may bite through thin clothing • Keep doing what you normally do Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  40. DEET Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  41. 10 ways to reduce mosquito breeding around your home Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  42. Things to Watch for NOT REAL!!! Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  43. Other Things to Watch for REAL!!! Morrow BioScience Ltd.

  44. THE END • 604 986-3363 • www.morrowbioscience.com Dirk Lewis,Biologist/Manager,morrowmosquito@telus.net Morrow BioScience Ltd.

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