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Explore the evolution of the modern world from medieval origins to the emergence of new powers and geopolitical shifts in the 19th century. Delve into key events like Magna Carta, French Revolution, and the theory of balance of power. Uncover Hegel’s concept of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis in history’s progression. Understand the transition from old Europe to new with a focus on economic confederations and political unification. Gain insights into the forces shaping Western Europe towards a united future.
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The Making of the Modern World Professor Frederick CHEUNG Department of History The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Introduction: the Medieval Origin of the Modern World • Magna Carta, 1215; the Emergence of the English Parliament, and the English Constitutional Monarchy; • The French Absolute Monarchy
II. • (A) Thesis --- Age of Faith/Medieval Origin, • (B) Antithesis – Renaissance/Reformation/ Discovery of the New World/ Scientific Revolution/ Age of Reason/Enlightenment, and
II. • (C) Synthesis -- the French Revolution and 19th Century Europe • Hegel’s Theory on Historical Periods: thesis, Antithesis, and Synthesis
III. • (A) New Imperialism (“God, Gold, and Glory”), and • (B) New “Balance of Power” in the 19th Century
III. • The Theory on the New Imperialism in the 19th Century: God (Missionaries), Gold (Merchants), and Glory (Soldiers for National Glory); + Human Instincts • New Theory of “Balance of Power” and the Changing of a New Center of Power in 19th Century Europe
IV. Conclusion: • Apparently the End of the Old, yet the Emergence of a New Europe (“Common Market” and then “Political Unification”)
Holborn’s Observation of the Zollverein, 1834 (Economic Confederation) for the Political Unification of Germany, 1871; • Prediction of the Common Market for the “United States of Western Europe”
