American History: Imperialism to WWI Events Review

1. 1. SOL Review2. Imperialism Review3. US enters WWI4. Espionage5. HW: Neutrality Essay6. Dates to Know: Imperialism/WWI test March 17/20??? Outline due March 23/24 Paper Proposal April 19/20 Socratic Seminar/Reflective Journals April 21/24 New Date—Research Paper Rough Draft May 15/16 Research Paper due May 24/25 March 13, 2017

2. SOL REVIEW 1. The ______ was a movement that led to a desire for a more personal relationship with god.2. Economic problems the southern colonies faced was a lack of ______.3. The different types of economies found in the colonies were primarily a reflection of the ___.4. John Locke’s ideas of ___ and___ contributed to the declaration of independence.5. Who published Common Sense? What did it encourage?6. The ____ barred the colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains.

3. 1. What did the Teller Amendment Say America would not do in Cuba?2. What did the Platt Amendment give America the right to do in Cuba?3. During the last years of the nineteenth century, the United States responded to events in China by _______.4. ____________ claimed the right of the United States to act as a police power in the Western Hemisphere. 5. _______ was used by William Howard Taft instead of military intervention.

4. How the US Entered World War I:1914---1917

5. June-July 1914 WW1 Event Archduke is killed. World War I begins US Reaction Asserts its neutrality

6. August 1914 Germany invaded neutral Belgium Sympathizes with Allies ( especially Britain, France)

7. Here’s a quick Worldview Timeline • Sarajevo, June 28, 1914 - Serbian terrorist assassinates Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife • Vienna, July 23 - Austrian government issues an ultimatum threatening war against Serbia and invades that country four days later • Berlin, August 1 - As Austria’s ally, the German government under Kaiser Wilhelm I declares war against Russia, an ally of Serbia • Berlin, August 3 - Germany declares war against France, an ally of Russia, and immediately begins an invasion of neutral Belgium because it offers the fastest route to Paris • London, August 4 - Great Britain, as an ally of France, declares war against Germany • While the United States is “neutral”... until April 2, 1917

8. Central Powers - Austria-Hungary - Germany - Bulgaria - Ottoman Empire – • Allied Powers- Serbia - Russia - France - Great Britain - 1915 - Italy The War Begins

9. 1915 Germany announces Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Anti-German feelings increase—act of cowardice

10. By 1915, British imposed a naval blockade around Germany Blockade started to take its toll on Germany-food became scarcer Germany fought back by announcing unrestricted submarine Warfare - warned that any ship near British waters was in danger of a U-Boat attack

11. Using the charts and the information you have discussed with your group write a two – three paragraph essay answering the following question: Was Wilson’s policy of neutrality impossible to maintain during World War I? Read each primary document and complete the chart. Discuss it with your group.

12. May, 1915 German U-boat torpedoes Lusitania, 128 Americans die Mass Protests. Wilson sends threatening notes to Germany

13. August 1915- March 1916 German sub attacks passenger ship called the Arabic and unarmed merchant ship called the Sussex injuring several Americans Wilson threatens to cut diplomatic relations. Germany backs off with Sussex Pledge—Give warnings

14. January 1917 British Blockade in its third year. Begins to take its toll on Germany Economic ties with Britain/France reinforced: US companies sold war supplies US bankers loaned money

15. Jan. 15, 1917 Germany sends the Zimmermann Telegram asking Mexico to fight the US in return for lands lost during US-Mexican War (Texas and SW) Nationalistic anger reaches a peak

16. Jan. 31, 1917 Germany announces a return to Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Wilson breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany.Increase in preparedness

17. March 15, 1917 Communist Revolution forces Russia out of the war against Germany Wilson convinced war is about democracy since Czarist government was removed

18. April1917 German Submarines sink five unarmed US merchant ships Wilson asked for a declaration of war claiming the “World Must be Made Safe for Democracy". Congress declared war

19. The Espionage Act: imprisonment and fine for anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment, or causing insubordination in the armed forces.(1917)‏ • The Sedition Act: outlawed any disloyal, profane, or abusive language intended to cause contempt, scorn, or disrepute to the government, Constitution, or flag.(1918)

20. 1. Sol Review • 2. US Enters WWI Review • 3. The War and The End • 4. Imperialism/WWI test March 20/21 Outline due March 23/24 Paper Proposal April 19/20 Socratic Seminar/Reflective Journals April 21/24 New Date—Research Paper Rough Draft May 15/16 Research Paper due May 24/25 March 16, 2017

21. 1. Patriots, Loyalists, and neutrals each made up ______ of the population.2. _______ was a trading system the British attempted to operate to increase gold and silver in the British treasury. 3. Locke said government was a ____________ ________ WITH THE PEOPLE TO PROTECT THEIR NATURAL RIGHTS.4. What was a weakness of the Articles of Confederation?5. What event convinced the government they needed to revise the Articles?

22. Was Wilson’s policy of neutrality impossible to maintain during World War I?

23. America Enters the War ● Wilson asks Congress for a declaration of war on April 2, 1917 (the President CANNOT DECLARE WAR) “The world must be made safe for democracy” Wilson ● What impact did US soldiers have on the war? ○ America’s military resources of soldiers and war materials tipped the balance of the war and led to Germany’s defeat https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaVP4NPTzS8

24. What do you think are the main objectives of wartime propaganda? World War I Propaganda

25. Wartime propaganda convinces the public that going into war is necessary. • Here are 5 main objectives of wartime propaganda • 1) Recruitment of soldiers • 2) Financing the War (war bonds/taxes) • 3) Nationalism • 4) Conservation of Resources • 5) Participation in home-front organizations to support the war effort World War I Propaganda

26. Public Opinion • Shaped by newspapers • Followed Wilson’s lead of favoring the British • Americans read about German armies marching ruthlessly through Belgium • They perceived Germany as a cruel bully • The sinking of the Lusitania, reinforced the negative view of Germany

27. The Wilson administration created hundreds of temporary wartime agencies and commissions staffed by experts from business and government The United States enters the war

28. Americans put their savings into federal government Liberty Bonds • Congress also increased both personal income and corporate taxes and placed an excise tax on luxury goods Paying for the war

29. ●Wilson creates the Committee on Public Information (CPI) to influence public opinion to support the war effort. Persuading for war

30. Opposition to War ●Opposition to the draft ● Women oppose the war ● Federal Government Stifles Dissent ● Prejudice against German Americans

31. PUBLIC OPINION AND CIVIL LIBERTIES • The Espionage Act • The Sedition Act • Schenck v. United States– clear and present danger

32. PREPARING FOR WAR ● Selective Service Act: instituted nationwide conscription/draft ● US armed forces - from 200,000 to nearly 5 million!

33. The Yanks are coming! US “Doughboys” Wartime era portrait of a typical American doughboy, circa 1918 One joke explanation for the term's origin was that in World War I, the doughboys were "kneaded" in 1914 but didn't rise until 1917

34. Headed by Herbert Hoover → advised Americans to save certain foods for export to supply the Allied war effort. The US food administration

35. WWI Technology Machine guns Long-range artillery guns Air craft

36. TRENCH FOOT= Infection of the feet caused by cold, wet, and unsanitary conditions. Men would stand for hours in waterlogged trenches without being able to remove wet socks or boots. GAS ATTACKS= poisoned gas bombs fired to opposing trenches. French were the first to use gas, but stopped because they felt it was uncivilized. Germans used Mustard Gas.

37. A million women entered the American workforce during World War I. • In this factory, women of all ages are packing hand grenade parts to be shipped overseas Women and the war

38. Why do you think some African Americans were willing to fight? • About 400,000 served in segregated units • Only a few were allowed to be officers African Americans

39. November 11, 1918- Germans signed an armistice in which they agreed to surrender • US casualties 112,432– Many died of disease (flu epidemic) • Treaty of Versailles • Controlled by Great Britain, France, Italy, and USA • Put all the blame on Germany • Germany had to pay war reparations to Great Britain and France • Germany and Austria are not at the meeting The End of the war

40. Wilson’s 14 Points • League of Nations • Wilson insisted on the other delegations accept his plan for a League of Nations • Republican Senators not happy about it– argued that it would interfere with US sovereignty • US never joined the League of Nations Wilson’s 14 Points

41. Demobilization • The Red Scare • Labor Conflict • Race Riots Postwar problems

42. 4 Million soldiers returned home and needed jobs • Many jobs were taken back from women (as well as African Americans) • Business boom of the wartime went flat as factory orders for war production fell off • 1921- business plunged into a recession and 10% of the workforce was unemployed Demobilization

43. 1919- • The country suffered from a volatile combination of unhappiness with the peace process, fears of communism, and worries about labor unrest • Communist takeover in Russia caused fear of communism to increase in the US • Created anti-Communist hysteria known as the Red Scare • Mass arrests of anarchists, Socialists, and labor agitators • Created xenophobia (intense dislike or fear of people from other countries) that resulted in restrictions on immigration in the 1920s The Red Scare

44. Public regarded unions with distrust • Made some improvements in public opinion during the war • After the war a series of strikes in 1919 as wells as a fear of revolution turned public opinion against unions • Feb. 1919- 60,000 unionists joined shipyard workers in a peaceful strike for higher pay • Troops were called out, but there was no violence Labor Conflict

45. The migration of African Americans to northern cities during the war increased racial tensions • Whites resented the increased competition for jobs and housing • Race riots erupted during the war • 1919- racial tension led to violence in many cities • The worst riot was in Chicago, where 40 people were killed and 500 were injured • Conditions were not any better in the South Race Riots