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Chapter 6 Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations. Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations. Wind Essentials Driving Forces within the Atmosphere Atmospheric Patterns of Motion Oceanic Currents . Wind Essentials. Air Pressure and Its Measurement Mercury barometer Aneroid barometer
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Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations • Wind Essentials • Driving Forces within the Atmosphere • Atmospheric Patterns of Motion • Oceanic Currents
Wind Essentials • Air Pressure and Its Measurement • Mercury barometer • Aneroid barometer • Wind: Description and Measurement • Wind • Anemometer • Wind vane • Global Winds
Barometers Figure 6.2
Air Pressure Readings Figure 6.3
Wind Vane and Anemometer Figure 6.4
Wind Portrait of the Pacific Ocean Figure 6.6
Driving Forces within the Atmosphere • Gravity • Pressure Gradient Force • Coriolis Force • Friction Force
Pressure Gradient Figure 6.7
Pressure + Coriolis + Friction Figure 6.8
Coriolis Force Figure 6.9
Atmospheric Patterns of Motion • Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas • Upper Atmospheric Circulation • Local Winds • Monsoonal Winds
Global Barometric Pressure Figure 6.10
Global Barometric Pressure Figure 6.10
Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas • Equatorial low-pressure trough • Polar high-pressure cells • Subtropical high-pressure cells • Subpolar low-pressure cells
Equatorial Low-Pressure Trough • Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) • Trade winds
June–July ITCZ Figure 6.11
Polar High-Pressure Cells • Polar easterlies • Antarctic high
Subtropical High-Pressure Cells • Westerlies • Bermuda high • Azores high • Pacific high Figure 6.13
Subpolar Low-Pressure Cells • Aleutian low • Icelandic low • Polar front
General Atmospheric Circulation Figure 6.12
General Atmospheric Circulation Figure 6.12
Constant Isobaric Surface Figure 6.15
Upper Atmospheric Circulation • Rossby waves • Jet stream
Rossby Waves Figure 6.16
Jet Streams Figure 6.17
Local Winds • Land-sea breezes • Mountain-valley breezes • Katabatic winds
Land-Sea Breezes Figure 6.18
Mountain-Valley Breezes Figure 6.19
Monsoonal Winds Figure 6.20
Oceanic Currents • Surface Currents • Deep Currents
Major Ocean Currents Figure 6.21
Deep-Ocean Thermohaline Circulation Figure 6.22
End of Chapter 6 Geosystems 7e An Introduction to Physical Geography