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Computational Boot Camp HTML

Computational Boot Camp HTML. Mike Schaffer. HTML. What is HTML? HTML stands for H yper T ext M arkup L anguage HTML is the language for publishing on the World Wide Web (all web pages use HTML)

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Computational Boot Camp HTML

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  1. Computational Boot CampHTML Mike Schaffer

  2. HTML • What is HTML? • HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language • HTML is the language for publishing on the World Wide Web (all web pages use HTML) • HTML files are simply text files that are saved in a special folder on the server, sent to users upon request, and interpreted by a user’s web browser. • Programs such as Word, Dreamweaver, and GoLive automatically generate HTML based on a drag-and-drop GUI.

  3. Tags • Tags tell the browser what you are trying to do and where to start and stop: • For example, if I want text to be bold, I use the <B> tag. • All text after the <B> tag will be bold until the tag is closed with </B> • Many, but not all tags need to be “closed” (such as <HR>). • E.g. <B>mike</B> schaffer<HR>

  4. Minimal Tags • HTML documents consist of code which tells web browsers how to display a web page. • HTML tags, such as “<BODY>” and “</BODY>” denote sections and elements of a web page. • The minimum tags are: • <HTML> • <HEAD> • <BODY> <html> <head> <TITLE>A Simple HTML Example</TITLE> </head> <body> <H1>HTML is Easy To Learn</H1> <P>Welcome to the world of HTML. This is the first paragraph. While short it is still a paragraph!</P> <P>And this is the second paragraph.</P> </body> </html>

  5. Browser Output <html> <head> <TITLE>A Simple HTML Example</TITLE> </head> <body> <H1>HTML is Easy To Learn</H1> <P>Welcome to the world of HTML. This is the first paragraph. While short it is still a paragraph!</P> <P>And this is the second paragraph.</P> </body> </html> Notice that spacing andlayout are based on theHTML and not how thetext is arranged in theHTML code.

  6. Useful Tags • <P> New paragraph • <BR> Line break (similar to <P>, but leaves no space) • <HR> Horizontal Rule • <B> Bold • <I> Italic • <CENTER>xxxxxx</CENTER> Center on screen • <FONT FACE=“Arial” SIZE=“+1” COLOR=“#006699”> • <IMG SRC = “/path_to_image_file”> Insert an image • jpg, gif, png files • <A HREF=“http//www.bu.edu”> Insert a hyperlink • <A HREF=“mailto:xyz@bu.edu”> Insert an e-mail link • <!-- Comments -->

  7. List Tags • <UL></UL> Start and stop unordered list <LI> Make a bullet in an unordered list • <OL></OL> Start and stop an ordered list<LI> Number the line • <DL></DL> Start and stop a definition list<DT> Term <DD> Definition

  8. Fonts Tags • Inside the <FONT> tag, you may use: • SIZE=+/- [1,2] • FACE=“font” • COLOR=“Blue” or COLOR=“#0000FF”

  9. Heading Tags

  10. Colors • “Web-safe” colors are composed of a palette of 216 colors. • Colors are coded by using assigning an RGB code. Two hexadecimal codes for R (red), two for green (G) and two for blue (B). • For example: • Red is FF0000. In this example, FF means ‘on’ and 0 means ‘off’. • Blue is 0000FF. Note ‘0’ means zero, not ‘O’.

  11. Table Tags • <TABLE> Start a table </TABLE> End a table • <TR> Start a row </TR> End a row • <TD> Start a column </TD> End a column • <TH> Column Heading <table border=4> <tr> <th>What are tables used for?</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Tables are used to make data easier to interpret or to just give your document more impact.</td> </tr> </table>

  12. More Tables <table border=2> <tr><th>Heading A</th> <th>Heading B</th> <th>Heading C</th></tr> <tr><td>Cell A</td><td>Cell B</td><td>Cell C</td></tr> <tr><td>Cell D</td><td>Cell E</td><td>Cell F</td></tr></table> <table border=2> <tr> <th>Heading A</th> <th>Heading B</th> <th>Heading C</th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=2>Cell A & D</td> <td>Cell B</td> <td>Cell C</td> </tr> <tr><td>Cell E</td><td>Cell F</td> </tr></table>

  13. Form Tags Visitor name: <input type="text" name="visitorname" size="10" maxlength="20"><br><br> Which fruits do you like?<br> <input type="checkbox" name="fruit“ value="apples"> Apples<br> <input type="checkbox" name="fruit" value="oranges"> Oranges<br> <input type="checkbox" name="fruit" value="bananas"> Bananas<br><br> Which fruit is your favorite?<br> <input type="radio" name="fav" value="apples"> Apples<br> <input type="radio" name="fav" value="oranges"> Oranges<br> <input type="radio" name="fav" value="bananas"> Bananas<br><br> <textarea name="body" cols="35" rows="4" wrap="virtual"></textarea><br> <select name="fav"> <option value="apples">apples</option> <option value="oranges">oranges</option> <option value="bananas">bananas</option> </select><br><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit Info!"><br> <input type="reset" value="Reset!">

  14. Form Actions • Forms can be connected to a script on the server. • When the submit button is pressed, all the form elements may be passed to the script. • The script is defined in the <FORM> tag by an “action” variable. <form name=signup method=POST action=/cgi-bin/join_list.cgi> . . .Form Elements Go Here. . . <input type=submit name=btnG value="Join the List!"> </form>

  15. Page Hosting Details • Tags are not case-sensitive • File names and directory paths are case sensitive. • Each directory should have a file called ‘index.html’. • Hyperlink paths may be represented a couple ways: • mike/test.html • Without a forward slash, the web server starts in the current directory and moves down. • /mike/test.html • Because this link starts with a ‘/’, this link will go to the first directory in the web folder, finds the ‘mike’ directory and looks for the ‘test.html’ file. • Note that the ‘/’ doesn’t mean move to the top of the Unix directory hierarchy.

  16. Hosting Details • For security, use SCP (not FTP) when transferring files to the server. • All students can maintain a web page on BU’s servers: • See: people.bu.edu • To apply: http://www.bu.edu/webcentral/publishing/people/apply.html • All copies of Linux have a built-in webserver (Apache) that can serve web pages. • Files and directories must be world-readable (chmod command) to be seen on the web.

  17. More Info on HTML • For more general HTML information, check out: • http://www.davesite.com/webstation/html/ • http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/General/Internet/WWW/HTMLPrimerAll.html • Or use “View Source” command in your web browser to view HTML of an actual page. • Browser Tag Support: • http://www.ncdesign.org/html/list.htm

  18. HTML Static Code is static Can’t react to user input Interpreted by browser only Saved in “/www/html/” directory Common Gateway Interface (CGI) Perl / PHP / SSI / ASP / Shell Script Dynamic HTML generated dynamically Interactive Interpreted by server, then by browser Saved in “/www/cgi-bin/” directory* * - files must be executable (i.e. chmod +x filename) HTML Doesn’t Have To Be Static

  19. CGI Diagram

  20. CGI and Database Incorporation

  21. Exercise • Based on what you’ve learned, make a page that looks like this 

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