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Expert Systems

Expert Systems. 10 May 2012. Journal. Expert vs. Expert System. Expert: someone who has an extraordinary amount of knowledge within a narrow domain Expert system: software program designed to replicate the decision-making process of a human expert.

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Expert Systems

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  1. Expert Systems 10 May 2012

  2. Journal

  3. Expert vs. Expert System • Expert: someone who has an extraordinary amount of knowledge within a narrow domain • Expert system: software program designed to replicate the decision-making process of a human expert. • Used in help centers, healthcare, banking, automotive, military, marketing, weather, even art!

  4. One of the first uses for expert systems was use in the medical field • Medical knowledge is orderly and well documented • One of the first medical expert systems, MYCIN, outperformed many human experts in diagnosing diseases.

  5. How do they work? • Most modern expert systems are based on fuzzy logic. • Fuzzy logic: A type of logic that allows conclusions to be stated as probabilities rather than certainties. • Ex: “There is a 70 percent chance that…” • If-then rules • ES also use if-then rules to simulate decision making

  6. If (1) the infection is primary bacteremia, and (2) the site of the culture is one of the sterile sites, and (3) the suspected portal of entry of the organism is the gastrointestinal tract, then there is suggestive evidence (0.7) that the identity of the organism is bacteriodes.

  7. Other Examples • Microsoft Window Help software provides advice, suggestions, and solutions for common problems and errors, based on the knowledge of Microsoft’s technical experts • The STD Wizard is a Web site that asks a series of questions and determines which test, vaccinations, and evaluations are recommended related to STDs. Expertise is drawn from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • American Express uses an expert system to automate the process of checking for fraud and misuses of its no-limit credit card. • Blue Cross/Blue Shield uses an expert system to automate insurance claim processing.

  8. Advantages? • Help train new employees • Reduce the number of human errors in a complex task • Take care of routine tasks so workers can focus on more challenging jobs • Provide expertise when no experts are available • Preserve the knowledge of experts after those experts leave an organization • Combine the knowledge of several experts • Make knowledge available to more people

  9. Disadvantages? • No common sense used in making decisions • Lack of creative responses that human experts are capable of • Not capable of explaining the logic and reasoning behind a decision • It is not easy to automate complex processes • There is no flexibility and ability to adapt to changing environments

  10. “Birds can fly” • From Marvin Minsky’s book, Society of Mind: • Birds can fly, unless they are penguins and ostriches, or if they happen to be dead, or have broken wings, or are confined to cages, or have their feet stuck in cement, or have undergone experiences so dreadful as to render them psychologically incapable of flight.

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