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Salient features of Tribal Economy

Tribal economic system: the native americans of Confederated Tribes of Umatilla Indian Reservation (Oregon - USA). Salient features of Tribal Economy. ‘Total’ (tribal) vs. ‘Complex’ (modern): the all-pervasive magico-religious phenomenon

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Salient features of Tribal Economy

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  1. Tribal economic system: the native americans of Confederated Tribes of Umatilla Indian Reservation (Oregon - USA)

  2. Salient features of Tribal Economy ‘Total’ (tribal) vs. ‘Complex’ (modern): the all-pervasive magico-religious phenomenon ‘Face-to-face’ community: traditional norms, social control Tribal ownership: in-alienablity of the natural resources Tribal exchange: role and status, reciprocity, barter, gift and ceremonial exchanges Tribal authority: traditional legitimacy, gerontocracy Transition to modernity

  3. HABITAT: a quick view

  4. HABITAT: selected information • 172 acres between North-East Oregon, South-East Washington and West Idaho • Climate: continental cold-temperate • Two river basins: Columbia River and Snake River • Landscape: hilly and mountainous • Rich vegetation (flora and fauna diversity) • Moderate infrastructure

  5. COMMUNITY: a quick view

  6. COMMUNITY: selected information • Population: 2,927 (2000) • Male: 48,3% Female: 51,7% • Median age: 35,2 • Population growth rate (1990 – 2000): 17% • Number of householders: 1,013 • Age composition (on total population, 2000) • 0 – 21 years: 42% • 22 – 64 years: 52% • 65 and older: 6%

  7. BUSINESS: a quick view Gambling Fishery Tourism Commercial activities, light industries

  8. BUSINESS: selected information • In labor force population (2000): 64.8% • Unemployed population (2000): 4,7% • Less than $10.000 income households (1999): 12,1% • Median household income: $37,827 • Poverty status families (1999): 12% • Poverty status individuals (1999): 15.8%

  9. INSTITUTIONS: selected information • Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation is a union of three tribes: Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla. • Decision on: health and human services, natural resources, economic and community development, tribal services, education, fire protection and police. • Regional Government: Umatilla County • Some actors in the region:Fish and Wildlife Commission (land-use policy and management)Old Celilo Fish Committee (inter-tribal association for fish resources management) • Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commission (

  10. ETHOS: a quick view Drums session Traditional clothing Indian tipical tent

  11. ETHOS: selected information • Historical inhabitants of the Columbia River system • Many events held at the Tribal Longhouse are ceremonies that often involve elements of traditional religion. Examples include Root Feast, funerals, weddings, and namings. • Cultural traitsmusic: many religious songs honoring births, deaths and the changing of the seasons • gastronomy:salmon, kowsh (couse root), berriescraft: utensils, clothing and tools mainly made from wood, stone and bone

  12. Marginal economy: the nomadic herders of the extreme lands (Olziit soum, Arkhangai aimag, Mongolia)

  13. HABITAT: a quick view

  14. HABITAT: selected information Total area surface: 172000 hectares Mountains: Bayanbaishir, Norjinchamba, Bayanhairhan, Dulaanhairhan, Tahilt Rivers: the biggest river of the soum is the Orkhon river; there are some other smaller river, in particular the Bodont and the Kharkhiraa river; Wild animals: deer, wild boar, antelopes, siberian ibex, wild sheep, marmot, sable, wolf, polar fox, fox and squirrel; wild cat; dorgo; fish Forest: the main forest are situated in the north and northwest of the soum area and they are made of mainly birches and larches. Mineral: the soum doesn’t have any mining sites, but the ground has trace of plumbum; stones and sand are utilized as building materials.

  15. COMMUNITY: a quick view

  16. COMMUNITY: selected information Population, 2009 Natural movement of population, 2009 Major health related problems The main human diseases and mortality are related to: heart and blood circulation system (high blood pressure); kidneys and liver; digestive system; apoplexy and nervous system disease.

  17. BUSINESS: a quick view Farming Commerce and services Handicraft and wool

  18. BUSINESS: selected information • In labor force population (2009): 49,4% • Employed population in primary sector (200): 82,1% • Employed population in secondary sector (200): 0,1% • Employed population in tertiary sector (200): 17,1% Employed by age group, 2009

  19. INSTITUTIONS: selected information • Mongolia is divided in: • Province (Aimags) plus capital city (Ulaanbaatar) with provincial status • Districts (Sums) • - Clusters of households (Bags)

  20. ETHOS: a quick view Herder Ancient stone Monastic temple

  21. ETHOS: selected information Historically, the people (uuld) in Ulziit soum are originated from the Western Mongolia. Offically, the Ulziit Soum, Arkhangai aimag, established in 1931, with 512 households in 7 bags. Main cultural resources Ancient traditions reminiscence of the Bronze Age (i.e. Deer stone) 4 monuments of Turkish empires. Two old Buddhist temples, built in 1843. Ethnicity: 99% of Oold, 1% of of Khalh Religious tradition: Buddhist

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