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States of Matter

States of Matter . Self Study. Changes in State. Four states of matter video clip: click here. Phase Diagram . Book video clip: click here. Phase Diagram . MELTING. FREEZING. CONDENSATION. VAPORIZAITON. SUBLIMATION. TRIPLE POINT. What word describes Motion or Movement energy? .

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States of Matter

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  1. States of Matter Self Study

  2. Changesin State Four states of matter video clip: click here

  3. Phase Diagram Book video clip: click here

  4. Phase Diagram MELTING FREEZING CONDENSATION VAPORIZAITON SUBLIMATION TRIPLE POINT

  5. What word describes Motion or Movement energy?

  6. Kinetic Energy All matter’s particles are in constant motion

  7. State of Matter is determined by • Particle arrangement • Energy of particles • Distance b/w particles

  8. Kinetic Theory: Solids Atoms are vibrating on a fixed point in a solid

  9. Types of Solids Book video clip: click here

  10. Amorphous Solid Has no organized internal structure Rubber Plastic Glass Asphalt Cotton Candy

  11. Compounds with the highest melting points are….

  12. Melting Points Strongest ( highest): Ionic Bonding Hydrogen Bonding Dipole-Dipole Lowest ( weakest) Dispersion

  13. 1. Ionic : strongest bond Bond kept together by…. Crystalline structure

  14. Covalent Compounds have three interactions( intermolecular forces) that keep them together….

  15. 2. Hydrogen Bonding strongest covalent Highest MP & BP of covalent Hydrogenattracted to: Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine

  16. 3. Dipole-Dipole [polar] - end attracted /// to + endof another

  17. 4. Dispersion [nonpolar] weakest -a dipole is induced -lowest MP & BP interaction Induced + Induced -

  18. Kinetic Theory: Liquids Particles are not bound together in fixed positions, but there is still some attractive forces keeping them close during movement.

  19. Fluidity Particles flow, slide over each other

  20. Viscosity

  21. Kinetic theory of gases Book clip: clip here

  22. Gas Particles Assumption #1: • Have a small volume • Far apart from each other • Independent : No attractive or repulsive forces

  23. Gas Particles Assumption #2: • Move: • Rapid • Independent • Random • Straight paths • Only  direction when rebounding

  24. Gas Particles Assumption #3 When particles collide, there collisions are elastic: • no loss of energy • it is transferred between the particles

  25. Gas Pressure Force exerted when gas particles collide: click here

  26. Pressure Units • SI unit : Pascal (Pa) • Sea level: 101.3 kPa • Millimeters of Mercury: mm Hg • blood pressure • Atmospheres: atm • Atmospheric pressure • Torr • Pounds per Square Inch: PSI • Tire pressure, scuba diving • Bar • Atmospheric pressure

  27. Conversions of Pressure 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 101.3 kPa 1 torr = 1 mm Hg 1 atm = 14.7 PSI 1 bar = 1 atm

  28. Vacuum no gas particles = no collisions = NO PRESSURE

  29. Atmospheric Pressure Gas particles in Air colliding in earth’s atmosphere

  30. Elevation and Atmospheric Pressure ↑ Elevation = ↓ Atmospheric Pressure b/c less gas particles =less collisions =  P Sea Level more gas particles = more P

  31. More gas particles = More collisions= More pressure

  32. Evaporation vs Condensation Eureka video clip: click here

  33. Evaporation Video Clip: Click here

  34. Equilibrium Book clip: click here

  35. Evaporation/ Condensation Equilibrium

  36. Evaporation/ Condensation Dynamic Equilibrium

  37. Evaporation/ Condensation Dynamic Equilibrium

  38. Boiling Liquid has enough HEAT/ENERGY to overcome the External Pressure Vapor Pressure = External Pressure

  39. Boiling Video clip: click here

  40. to make something boil Energy/Heat is added Or the EXTERNALpressure is changed

  41. Affect of  Temp on Contained Liquid  KE of particles  particle collisions  VP This why a tea kettle whistles

  42. Elevation and BP

  43. Pressure Cooker Creates a HighExternal Pressure abubble of vapor can’t form unless KE= T  BP is = hotter liquid= shorter cooking time

  44. Temperature Video clip: click here

  45. Measuring Temperature Eureka video clip: click here

  46. Temperature Movement of particles

  47. Absolute Zero (0 K) No movement of particles

  48. Absolute Zero (0 K) Video Clip: Click here

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