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Coral Reefs

Coral Reefs. Coral reefs. Coral reefs. One of the most biological diverse and productive ecosystem Found in warm, clear and shallow tropical oceans On CaCO 3 substrate deposited by reef building corals (50% of all Ca deposit in the sea) and other calcified organisms.

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Coral Reefs

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  1. Coral Reefs

  2. Coral reefs

  3. Coral reefs • One of the most biological diverse and productive ecosystem • Found in warm, clear and shallow tropical oceans • On CaCO3 substrate deposited by reef building corals (50% of all Ca deposit in the sea) and other calcified organisms. • Provide shelters and food to fish

  4. Types of reefs • Fringe, barrier, vs. atolls

  5. Global distribution of coral reefs(Osborn Fig. 11.10)

  6. Higher coral generic richness in Indo-Pacific (and accompanying fish diversity)

  7. Reef structure

  8. Florida geology: 140 yr old lime stone, 14,000-9,000 yr old corals to make the Keys

  9. Florida Keys

  10. Types of reef building corals

  11. Brain corals With extended polyps

  12. Coral anatomy (Osborn Fig. 11.2)

  13. Coral Anatomy: mutualism between corals and Zooxanthellae algae

  14. Growth rings in corals

  15. Mutualism between clown fish and sea anemone • Clown fish is coated with the same mucous as anemone. • Fish brings food. • Anemone protect fish.

  16. Why is diversity so high in coral reefs and rain forest? • On nutrient poor water • High level of mutualism and symbiosis • High productivity and high rates of nutrient cycling • Fine division of niches • Control by herbivores and competitions?

  17. Limestone outcrops in S. Florida: >10,000 yr old land rich in endemic Ca-loving herbaceous plants • Miami rock ridge & lower keys: Oolitic limestone, precipitated in sallow sea • Upper keys: coral origin

  18. Oolite: limestone made in coral reefs

  19. Florida marsh distribution • North: sink hole origin and untable. • Kissimmee river basin: where the land sagged slightly from dissolution of underlying limestone. • Lake Okeechobee: water dammed by the sedimentation in the southern rim. • Northern Everglades: river of grass, following the gradual elevational gradient to SW. • Southern Everglades: freshwater lens pushed up by the saltwater underneath.

  20. Fresh water lens under coral island and the Everglades

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