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Amines

Amines. By: Hannah Singer, Stephen Caldwell, Bryan Rivera 1 st period. Basic Structures!. Primary: the “R” is only bonded in one place in this type of bond Secondary: The “R” is bonded in two places in this bond Tertiary: The “R” is bonded in three places in this bond. Characteristics!.

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Amines

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  1. Amines By: Hannah Singer, Stephen Caldwell, Bryan Rivera 1st period

  2. Basic Structures! • Primary: the “R” is only bonded in one place in this type of bond • Secondary: The “R” is bonded in two places in this bond • Tertiary: The “R” is bonded in three places in this bond.

  3. Characteristics! • The Amines are the organic chemistry relatives of ammonia • However in amines one or more of the hydrogen atoms on the ammonia molecule are replaced by alkyl chains • Amines with one alkyl group are primary amines, with two they are secondary, and with three they are tertiary amines. • Like ammonia, amines are bases. Compared to alkali metal hydroxides, amines are weaker • Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, and aniline

  4. Characteristics cont. • Amines with small alkyl groups are very soluble in water • The larger the alkyl chain, the less soluble it is in water • When a amine picks up a proton, this forms ammonium salt. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide(cough suppressant)

  5. Nomenclature • Primary amines can be named by replacing the e with the word amine. The prefix can also be amino. amine can also be named by naming the parent group followed by a space and the word amine. • Ex: propane = propanamine, aminopropane, or propyl amine. • Secondary amines can be named by replacing the e with the word amine and using an upper case N. • The prefix can be changed to amino. Ex: propane = N-methyl-1-propanamine, N-methyl-1-aminopropane, methyl 1-propyl amine.3.Tertiary amines can be named the same way as secondary, just add an extra N.

  6. Mechanisms • Mechanisms: 1. R1NH2 An alkyl group and two hydrogen atoms, attached to a nitrogen atom.2. R2NH Pair of alkyl groups, attached to a hydrogen and nitrogen atom.3. R3N Three alkyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom.

  7. Examples • 1. amino acids • 2. biogenic amines • 3. trimethylamine • 4. inorganic amines • 5. amine oxides.

  8. Real World Importance • An amine that is important would be the Biogenic Amine • Biogenic amines are natural antinutrition factors and are important from a hygienic point of view as they have been implicated as the causative agents in a number of food poisoning episodes, and they are able to initiate various pharmacological reactions

  9. Real World Importance • Examples that are considered to be the most important biogenic amines occurring in foods • Histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, tryptamine, β-phenylethylamine, spermine, and spermidine • These amines are designated as biogenic because they are formed by the action of living organisms.

  10. Real World Importance • Biogenic amines may also be considered as carcinogens because of their ability to react with nitrites to form potentially carcinogenic nitrosamines. • The biogenic amine content of various foods and feed have been widely studied and found in cheese, fish and meat products, eggs and mushrooms • Food substances that have been prepared by a fermentative process, or have been exposed to microbial contamination during aging or storage, are likely to contain amines.

  11. What is the organic chemistry relative of Amine?

  12. Ammonia

  13. True or False • Amines with small groups of Alkyl are not soluble in water?

  14. False • They are very soluble

  15. What is the main letter of the Basic Structure of Amine? • A • D • R • E

  16. R

  17. True or False • The smaller the alkly chain, the more soluble it is in water

  18. FALSE • The larger the alky chain the less soluble it is in water

  19. What was the Functional Group we talked about?

  20. Amine

  21. Work Cited • PAC, 1995, 67, 1307 (Glossary of class names of organic compounds and reactivity intermediates based on structure (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)) on page 1315 • http://www.4college.co.uk/a/dp/amine.php • http://chemistry.boisestate.edu/people/richardbanks/organic/nomenclature/aminenomenclature1.htm • http://www.chemistry-drills.com/functional-groups.php?q=simple • http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096399699600066X

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