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Myocardial lnfarction and Heart Failure (Compare the differences)

Myocardial lnfarction and Heart Failure (Compare the differences). Miranda,Natasha,Cecilia and Fadzai. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Myocardial infarction (Ml) –loss of blood supply to the heart muscle due to a blockage in a coronary artery

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Myocardial lnfarction and Heart Failure (Compare the differences)

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  1. Myocardial lnfarction and Heart Failure (Compare the differences) Miranda,Natasha,Cecilia and Fadzai

  2. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION • Myocardial infarction (Ml) –loss of blood supply to the heart muscle due to a blockage in a coronary artery • The heart muscle need a good supply of blood ,the coronary artery takes blood to the heart muscle • This happens when one of it’s smaller branches is suddenly blocked. • Infarction means death of some tissues due to a blocked artery which stops blood from getting past

  3. MI

  4. Causes of Ml • Coronary thrombosis and coronary embolism causes Myocardial Infarction. • Atheroma is a fatty patches or plaque that develop within the lining of arteries • Age • Smoking and Drinking • Obesity and high blood pressure • High blood cholesterol • Diet diabetes and family history • Lack of exercise • Stress • Previous heart attack and by pass heart surgery • Previous angioplasty-angina

  5. Symptoms of Ml • Severe chest pain-radiates around the body • Sweat, feel sick • Shortness of breath • Anxiety • Coughing • Hypertension and tachycardia • Silent pain or heart attack

  6. Facts • 20% of patients died within first hour, 10% in hospital, 5% of the 3 months and 3% in every year there-after. • 100.000 British people die every year from heart attack. • Before MI a person may feel a frightening sense that they about the die. • 20% of heart attacks are not diagnosed meaning sufferers have progressive heart muscle damage. • Severity depends on amount of heart damage and position.

  7. Heart failure • “A pathophsyiological state in which an abnormality of cardiac function is responsible for failure of the heart to pump blood and a rate which is commensurate with the requirements of the metabolising tissues.” • Heart failure is a common complication of MI.

  8. Causes of Heart Failure • Coronary Artery Disease ( for example, MI) • Chronic Hypertension. (Diastolic and Systolic heart failure) • Cardiomyopathy (For example, Dialated, Hyperthropic, Restrictive) • Valve dysfunction (For example, diseases of the aortic and mitral valve) • Cardiac arrhythmias/conduction disturbance (Heart block and artrial fibrillation) • Severe Anemia • Myocarditis

  9. Hypertension can cause both Diastolic and Systolic Heart Failure.

  10. Cardiomyopathy:

  11. Myocarditis

  12. Signs and symptoms • Breathlessness • Oedema • With severe heart failure Anorexia • Fatigue and lethargy • Sweating • Low blood pressure • Pale skin and sometimes cyanosis • Coughing and sometimes with frothy pink sputum.

  13. Summary • MI: Blockage of arterial blood supply to the heart causing the muscle to die and be replaced by fibrous scar tissue. • Heart failure: failure of the heart to pump blood at a sufficient rate for metabolic requirement due to a number of disorders including MI.

  14. References • A nurses survival guide to the ward/Richard .A and Edwards.S/2003 • NHS direct online • Hand ,H (2001) Myocardial infarction part 1& 2 Nursing Standard. • 15,36,45-53 • Kevin,T (2002) The Human Body in Health and Disease. 4th ED. • NHS direct online • Port C,M(1998) Pathophysiology,Concept of Health state Philadelphia PA Lippincotttt • Nicholas,M (2004) Heart Failure: pathophysiology. Treatment and nursing care. Nursing Standard. 19.11.46-51 • Oxford concise colour medical dictionary/editor Martin.E/ 2002/3rd edition • Tough, J (2004) Assessment and treatment of chest pain. Nursing Standard. 18. 37,45-53 • The complete home guide to medical illnesses /Carter .W/2004/second edition

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