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Solutions

Solutions. Continue taking notes where you left off on the “Solutions” section of your notebooks. Take good notes! There is a handout you need to complete and turn in before you leave based on your notes. Solutions and Solubility. Think about this:

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions • Continue taking notes where you left off on the “Solutions” section of your notebooks. • Take good notes! There is a handout you need to complete and turn in before you leave based on your notes.

  2. Solutions and Solubility Think about this: What happens when you add sugar (solute) to coffee or lemonade (solvent)? What do you think happens to the sugar? Does it disappear?

  3. It dissolves and becomes a solution! • Homogeneous: A mixture that has the same appearance and properties throughout the mixture. It appears to be uniform in composition. • Solution : A mixture that appears to be a single substance but is actually composed of two or more substances that are evenly mixed among each other

  4. Solutions Can Be… Solute Solvent Solution • Solid in Liquid salt water • Gas in Liquid soda • Gas in Gas air • Liquid in Gas moist air • Liquid in Liquid vinegar • Solid in Solid metal alloys

  5. Solubility • The solubility of a substance is: • the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. • There are several factors affecting how fast and how much of a solute we can dissolve in a solvent: • Temperature • Stirring • Surfacearea • Pressure

  6. Concentration Dilute a small amount of solute dissolved Concentrated a large amount of solute dissolved Saturated solvent can hold no more solute Unsaturated solvent can hold more solute

  7. What Speeds up Dissolving? • Heating (Temperature) • Mixing (Stirring) • Crushing (Increasing the surface area)

  8. TEMPERATURE • In a solid-in-liquid solution, the higher the temperature, the faster and the greateramount of the solute can be dissolved in a solvent. • Example: 2 cups of coffee: Hot coffee andCold coffee - In which cup can more sugar be dissolved? - In which cup will sugar dissolve faster?

  9. MIXING (Stirring) • By applying mechanical energy through stirring or mixing, a solute will dissolve faster in a solvent. • Mixing increases the solubility rate. It makes the solute dissolve faster. • Example: Sugar is added to 2 cups of warm coffee, one is stirred, the other one is left alone. In which cup will the sugar dissolve faster?

  10. CRUSHING • Crushing increases the amount of surface area of the solute exposed to the solvent • 2 cups of coffee, both at the same temperature, both unstirred: • in one cup we add 2 sugar cubes • in the other cup, we add powdered sugar • In which cup will the sugar dissolve faster?

  11. Gas (solute) dissolved in a liquid (solvent) • Gas-Liquid solutions act differently than solid-liquid solutions and liquid-liquid solutions • Example Gas-Liquid solution: Soda • The higher the temperature, the less gas can be dissolved in a liquid. • The more mixingis done, the less gas is dissolved in the liquid • The higher the pressure, the more gas can be dissolved in a liquid.

  12. Learning Check A. Why would a bottle of carbonated drink possibly burst (explode) when it is left out in the hot sun ? (Write your answer in your notebook) B.Why would fish die in water that gets too warm? (Write your answer in your notebook)

  13. Answers: A. Gas in the bottle builds up as the gas becomes less soluble in water at high temperatures, which may cause the bottle to explode. B. The fish may suffocate because O2 gas is less soluble in warm water. The water may not have enough dissolved O2 for the fish to survive.

  14. Your turn! Do your hand out now… • Complete the handout and turn it in.

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