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Video. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=41_Ne5mS2ls. RNA STRUCTURE. DNA responsible for information to make proteins RNA is responsible for making proteins using DNA’s genetic information Nucleotide chain made of Phosphate group Sugar – ribose Nitrogenous bases. DNA Double stranded

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  1. Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41_Ne5mS2ls

  2. RNA STRUCTURE • DNA responsible for information to make proteins • RNA is responsible for making proteinsusing DNA’s genetic information • Nucleotide chain made of • Phosphate group • Sugar – ribose • Nitrogenous bases

  3. DNA Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Bases: C,G A,T RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Bases: C,G,A,U RNA vs. DNA Both contain a sugar, phosphate, and base.

  4. TYPES OF RNA • mRNA – Messenger RNA • Synthesized from DNA and carries the instructions to make proteins • tRNA – Transfer RNA • Responsible for reading mRNA and placing correct amino acids together to form a protein • rRNA – Ribosomal RNA • RNA found in ribosomes

  5. tRNA • Transfer RNA • Bound to one amino acid on one end • anticodon on the other end complements mRNA codon If mRNA sequence = UCG tRNA sequence = AGC

  6. REVIEW • List one way in RNA and DNA are similar • List one way in RNA and DNA are different • List the 3 types of RNA

  7. Transcription • Happens in nucleus of the cell • The information in DNA is copied into Mrna • RNA Polymerase binds to a site on DNA at the promoter (start location) • RNA polymerase unwinds and separates DNA and then adds the complimentary RNA bases, producing a strand of mRNA • Behind RNA polymerase the DNA strands close up and reform the helix

  8. TRANSLATION • After mRNA is made it is transported into the cytoplasm of the cell in order to be translated • Needs to be changed from language of RNA to the language of proteins(amino acids) • Each three-nucleotide sequence on RNA is called a codon and each codon corresponds to an amino acid

  9. STEPS OF TRANSLATION • mRNA joins with a ribosome and tRNA • tRNA contains anticodons which are complimentary to mRNA’s codons, and also carries the corresponding amino acid • mRNA has start signal (AUG) and an end signal • As tRNA binds it leaves the correct amino acid behind • The next tRNA and amino acid move in and places the second amino acid • Amino acids keep bonding together to form a long chain until a stop signal is encountered. • When finished the newly formed polypeptide falls off of the ribosome.

  10. tRNA • Transfer RNA • Bound to one amino acid on one end • Anticodon on the other end complements mRNA codon If mRNA sequence = UCG tRNA sequence = AGC

  11. Practice transcription/translation • Mleonessciencepage.wikispaces.com • DNA Section • Click on Transcribe & Translate a Gene • Zero Bio – Protein Synthesis • Print screen shot when finished and turn in with your name

  12. Purpose of Protein Synthesis • Create Proteins • Proteins differ from one another in the number and sequence of amino acids • Proteins can be 50-3,000 amino acids in length • Proteins are part of almost all cell functions • AB’s • Muscles • Enzymes • Hormones (insulin) • Structural ( collagen, keratin) • Storage • Transport ( hemoglobin)

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