Understanding Various Types of Skills in Sports

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4. Single Column Example Classification of skills Skill can be used to describe a specific movement, e.g. kicking a ball, or to describe the actions of a performer, e.g. a skilful footballer. Skill can be defined as the learned ability to repeatedly produce specific movement patterns with successful outcomes. There are three different types of skill: Intellectual / cognitive skills involve use of a performer's mental ability, e.g. a coach planning tactics before the game Perceptual skills involve the interpretation of information, e.g. looking at the positions of your team players in order to decide where to pass the ball Motor skills relate to the execution of physical movements and responses, e.g. performing a tennis serve • In sport, all three types of skill are required in order to perform optimally in a given situation. For example, during a game of hockey, the player with the ball will have to consider many aspects of the game and make decisions.

5. Two Column Example 1 • Technical observation and analysis shows how individual movements are executed. For many sports, techniques are broken down into several movements, e.g. the serve in tennis may have several phases - grip, footwork, body position etc. Live and video observation Observing elite performers Observation can be either live or using video. When observing live performance it can be difficult to concentrate on specific technical or tactical skills. Video analysis allows more time. Video used for technical analysis enables the performer to record and review technique identifying improvements over time. Slow motion is also useful to identify where errors occur. Video for tactical analysis is particularly useful for team sports where it is not possible to concentrate on all players and all of play at one time. Video playback means that individual players can be isolated in the game. • Filming a game • Observation of others can be live or using video. It is important that both technical and tactical aspects are observed in both practical and competitive situations. A range of methods can be used including; notational analysis and technical analysis checklists.

6. Two Column Example 2 Heading In sport, all three types of skill are required in order to perform optimally in a given situation. For example, during a game of hockey, the player with the ball will have to consider many aspects of the game and make decisions including: • How to dribble (technique) • Whether to dribble or pass • Positions of own team and opposition • The time of the game - how long is left ? • Team situation - winning or losing • Is it more important to score or keep • possession ò • The player will need to process all of the above information in order to perform the required motor skill successfully. • Skills can be classified in several different ways, the following link gives details of these classifications • Dribbling in hockey • Link Example

7. Two Column Example 3 Technical skills A skilful performance requires correct application of techniques. Techniques are movement patterns performed in isolation. When used in sports performance, techniques continually need to be adapted to meet the demands of a changing situation. Skill in sport is being able to execute the required techniques at the right time and the right place. Technical skills can be generic to many sports, e.g. running, jumping, catching, throwing; or specific to sports, e.g. hockey tackle, tennis serve, rugby pass. Correct execution of techniques requires practice in both open and closed environments. • A performer needs to understand the tactical options in a sport and also execute the appropriate tactic at the right time when playing/performing in the sport. • Tactical skills are based on the performers; • ability to 'read the play/situation' • acquired knowledge • decision-making skills • Tactics vary depending on the sport or activity. General tactics may include;. • Attack and defence • Set play • Positioning • Choice of appropriate/correct technique • Use of space Tactical skills • ability to 'read the play/situation' • acquired knowledge • decision-making skills • Tactical skills are the decisions and actions of players and performers used to gain advantage in the game or competition e.g. serving to an opponent's weak side, dummy pass in rugby. Often tactics have to be adapted quickly in response to a changing competitive environment.

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9. Set Tasks / Assessment • Marked Activity N2601B - Identifying technical skills in your own sport Using YouTube, Google Videos or similar, find a video clip of a tactical situation in your own sport, and identify which technical skills are required to perform successfully. Email the web address of the clip, and your answers to the tutor, who will then collate them for the other students benefit. • Link Example - download exercise The following exercise is an Excel file, where you are asked to drag markers for certain sporting activities onto continuums similar to above. Once completed please save your work and return to the tutor. ò ò • Link Example - download exercise

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