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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. Supporting I/O Devices. You Will Learn…. How to install peripheral I/O devices How to use ports and expansion slots for add-on devices About keyboards and how to troubleshoot them About different types of pointing devices

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 Supporting I/O Devices

  2. You Will Learn… • How to install peripheral I/O devices • How to use ports and expansion slots for add-on devices • About keyboards and how to troubleshoot them • About different types of pointing devices • How monitors and video cards relate to the system, and how to troubleshoot them

  3. Requirements for a New Device • Device driver or BIOS • System resources (eg, IRQ, DMA channel, I/O addresses, upper memory addresses) • Application software

  4. Basic Principles of Peripheral Installations • Peripheral is a hardware device controlled by software; install both hardware and software • Software might be of different types; install all levels • More than one peripheral device might attempt to use same computer resources; resolve resource conflicts

  5. Installation Overview • Install the device (internal or external) • Install the device driver • Install the application software

  6. Installing a Hardware Device • Turn off PC, plug in the device, and reboot • If device is PnP, the Add New Hardware Wizard launches

  7. Installing a Hardware Device

  8. Installing a Hardware Device

  9. Using Ports and Expansion Slots for Add-on Devices • Devices can: • Plug directly into a port (serial, parallel, USB, orIEEE 1394) • Use an expansion card plugged into an expansion slot • All computers come with: • One or two serial ports • One parallel port • One or more USB ports or an IEEE 1394 port (on newer computers)

  10. Port Speeds

  11. Using Serial Ports • Transmit data in single bits • Identified by counting the pins • Sometimes called DB-9 and DB-25 connectors • Almost always male • Originally intended for input and output devices • Can be configured for COM1, COM2, COM3, or COM4 • Conforms to RS-232c standard interface

  12. Serial, Parallel, and Game Ports

  13. Default Port Assignments

  14. Port Assignments

  15. Verifying a Port Is Configured Correctly

  16. Serial Port Specifications

  17. Null Modem Connection • Special cable (null modem cable or modem eliminator) enables data transmission between two DTE devices without the need for modems • Null modem cable has several wires cross-connected to simulate modem connection

  18. Null Modem Cable

  19. Null Modem Cable

  20. Infrared Transceivers • Use resources of the serial port for communication • Create a virtual infrared serial port and virtual infrared parallel port for infrared devices • Common problem: line-of-sight issue • Radio technology (eg, Bluetooth or 802.11b) is most popular way to connect wireless I/O device

  21. Using Parallel Ports • Transmit data in parallel, eight bits at a time • Cable longer than 10 or 15 feet can compromise data integrity • Almost always female • Commonly used by printers; also for some input devices • Can be configured as LPT1, LPT2, and LPT3

  22. Types of Parallel Ports • Standard parallel port (SPP) • Data flows in one direction • Comparatively slower • Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP) • Bidirectional • Extended Capabilities Port (ECP) • Bidirectional • Uses a DMA channel

  23. A Standard Parallel Port

  24. Using USB Ports • Expected to ultimately replace serial and parallel ports • Faster • Use higher quality cabling • Easier to manage • Allows for hot-swapping and is hot-pluggable • Used by many devices (eg, mice, joysticks, keyboards, printers)

  25. Using USB Ports

  26. Using USB Ports

  27. Using USB Ports

  28. USB Host Controller • Polls each device, asking if data is ready to be sent or requesting to send data to the device • Manages communication to the CPU for all devices, using only a single IRQ, I/O address range, and DMA channel • Automatically assigns system resources at startup (with the OS)

  29. Requirements for Installing a USB Device • Motherboard or expansion card that provides a USB port • OS that supports USB • USB device • USB device driver

  30. Installing a USB Device

  31. Using IEEE 1394 Ports • Also called FireWire and i.Link • Transmits data serially; faster than USB • Supports data speeds as high as 1.2 Gbps • Likely to replace SCSI for high-volume, multimedia external devices • Devices can be daisy-chained together and managed by a host controller using a single set of system resources • Uses isochronous data transfer

  32. Types of IEEE 1394 Ports

  33. IEEE 1394 Ports

  34. Using PCI Expansion Slots • PCI bus is now the standard local I/O bus • Devices connected to it can run at one speed while the CPU runs at a different speed • Often used for fast I/O devices (eg, network cards or SCSI host adapters)

  35. Using PCI Expansion Slots

  36. PCI Bus Master • Manages the PCI bus and expansion slots • Assigns IRQ and I/O addresses to PCI expansion cards • PCI bus uses an interim interrupt between the PCI card and the IRQ line to the CPU

  37. Using PCI Expansion Slots

  38. Using PCI Expansion Slots

  39. Using ISA Expansion Slots • Configuration is not automated • ISA bus does not manage system resources • ISA device must request system resources at startup

  40. Keyboards • Traditional straight design or ergonomic design • Two technologies for keys making contact • Foil contact • Metal contact

  41. An Ergonomic Keyboard

  42. Correct Position at the Keyboard

  43. Keyboard Connectors • PS/2 connector (mini-DIN) • Small, round, with six pins • DIN connector • Round with five pins • USB port • Wireless connection

  44. Keyboard Connectors

  45. Keyboard Connector Adapter

  46. Keyboard Connectors

  47. Installing a Keyboard • Usually means plugging it in and turning on the PC • System BIOS manages the keyboard, so no keyboard drivers are necessary (except for wireless keyboards)

  48. Troubleshooting Keyboard • A few keys don’t work • The keyboard does not work at all • Key continues to repeat after being released • Keys produce wrong characters • Major spills on the keyboard

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