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History of Healthcare

History of Healthcare. Primitive. Illness caused by evil spirits / demons Herbs / Plants used as medicine Average life span = 20 years old Trepanation Boring a hole into the skull Treated headaches, epilepsy, & insanity Used up into the 1800’s. Primitive Time Period. Trepanation.

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History of Healthcare

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  1. History of Healthcare

  2. Primitive • Illness caused by evil spirits / demons • Herbs / Plants used as medicine • Average life span = 20 years old • Trepanation • Boring a hole into the skull • Treated headaches, epilepsy, & insanity • Used up into the 1800’s

  3. Primitive Time Period Trepanation

  4. Ancient Egyptians • Physicians were priests who studied medicine • Healing came from calling on the “gods” • Average life span = 20 – 30 years old • Body has “channels” • If “channels” are clogged, bloodletting used

  5. Bloodletting Used up into the 1800’s

  6. Ancient Chinese • Searched for medical reasons for illness • Believed the need to treat the whole body (holistic care) • Average life span = 20 – 30 years old • Treatments used • Acupuncture • Moxibustion (heated herb)

  7. Acupuncture Moxibustion Still used today; considered alternative medicine

  8. Ancient Greek • Modern medical science begins (observing the body; effects of disease) • Diseases / Infections were a result of natural causes • Stressed diet & cleanliness • Average life span = 25 – 35 years old • Treatments Art therapy, Herbal therapy

  9. Hippocrates • Founder of Greek Medical School • Greek physician (Father of Medicine) • Developed the Oath of Medical Ethics • First to describe symptoms of pneumonia • Believed the body must be treated as a whole • Believed thoughts, feelings, emotions came from the brain – not the heart

  10. Ancient Romans • Public sanitation & health systems • Treatment = diet, exercise, & medication • Average life span = 25 – 35 years old

  11. Claudius Galen • Physician (after Hippocrates) in Rome • 4 humor theory (blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile) • Studied dissections & documented his research • Appointed to be the personal surgeon of Marcus Aurelius

  12. Dark Ages • Study of medicine prohibited • Emphasis back on prayer to treat illness • Average life span = 20 – 30 years • Occurred after the fall of the Roman Empire; Catholic church held power

  13. Middle Ages • Renewed interest in medicine • Physicians learned in medical universities • Average life span = 20 – 35 years old • Bubonic plague killed 75% of the population • Caused by a bacteria carried in fleas, mice, ect. • S&S = fever, weakness, bloody feces/cough, swollen glands • Tx = Antibiotics

  14. Renaissance • Rebirth of the science of medicine • Dissection of the body enhanced • Average life span = 30 – 40 years old • Michael Servetus • Described the circulatory system in the lungs • Explained how digestion is a source of heat

  15. 16th & 17th Century • Cause of disease still unknown • Average of life span = 35 – 45 years old • Invention of the microscope • Ambroise Pare • Father of Surgery (bind arteries to stop bleeding) • Gabriel Fallopius • Identified fallopian tubes • Described the tympanic membrane in the ear

  16. 16th & 17th Century • More historical figures • Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope • BartolomeoEustachio identified the Eustachian tube leading from the ear to the throat

  17. 18th Century • Average life span = 40 – 50 years old • Inventions • Gabriel Fahrenheit = thermometer • Ben Franklin = bifocals • Edward Jenner = smallpox vaccine

  18. 19th Century • Average life span = 40 – 60 years • Historical figures • Clara Barton = Founder of American Red Cross • Joseph Lister = Disinfectants & antiseptics during surgery • Dorthea Dix = Reformed mental hospitals & prisons

  19. 19th Century • Florence Nightingale = Opened first nursing school; Reformed nursing • Gregory Mendel = Established patterns of heredity • Louis Pasteur = Pasteurized milk

  20. 19th Century • Robert Koch = Proved microorganisms cause disease • William Roentgen = Discovered X-rays

  21. 20th Century • Average life span = 60 – 70 years old • Inventions • Genetic engineering began • First successful heart transplant • First pacemaker (70’s) • HIV / AIDS identified (80’s) • Jonas Salk = Developed polio vaccine • Alexander Flemming = Discovered penicillin

  22. 21st Century • Average life span = 90 – 100 years old • Potential improvements • HIV/AIDS research; cancer research • Nerve regenerated • New drugs • Cholesterol • Alzheimer’s • Diabetes

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