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Next Space VLBI mission: VSOP-2

Next Space VLBI mission: VSOP-2. Next Generation Space VLBI WG H.Hirabayashi, M.Natori, P.G.Edwards, Y.Asaki, N.Mochizuki, T.Toda, … (ISAS/JAXA), M.Inoue, S.Kameno, M.Tsuboi, Y.Kono, K.Asada, A.Doi, H.Nagai, H.Kobayashi, K.Bushimata, N.Kawaguchi, S.Iguchi, … (NAOJ) T.Kondo, Y.Koyama (NICT)

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Next Space VLBI mission: VSOP-2

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  1. Next Space VLBI mission: VSOP-2 Next Generation Space VLBI WG H.Hirabayashi, M.Natori, P.G.Edwards, Y.Asaki, N.Mochizuki, T.Toda, … (ISAS/JAXA), M.Inoue, S.Kameno, M.Tsuboi, Y.Kono, K.Asada, A.Doi, H.Nagai, H.Kobayashi, K.Bushimata, N.Kawaguchi, S.Iguchi, … (NAOJ) T.Kondo, Y.Koyama (NICT) K.Fujisawa (Univ. of Yamaguchi), T.Omodaka(Univ.of Kagoshima), H.Sudo (Univ. of Gifu), K.Wajima (KVN) T.Kasuga (Hosei Univ.), S.Sawada-Sato (ASIAA) International collaborators JPL, NRAO, ATNF, DRAO, JIVE/EVN, China, .. Y.Murata (ISAS/JAXA)

  2. VSOP

  3. 34,000 km HALCA and VSOP VLBI Space Observatory Programme Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy 1.6 GHz (18 cm) 5 GHz (6 cm) x[ 22 GHz (1.3cm)] Launch: Feb. 1997 ISAS M-V rocket Resolution of 360 μarcseconds at λ= 6 cm

  4. Resolution of current & future telescopes in all wavelength Present status ＶＳＯＰ Lobanov, A.P. 2003, SKA Memo 38

  5. Plasma torus VSOP observation results • FIRST Space VLBI Mission • Physics of the Active Galactic Nuclear (AGN) • Structure and motion of the AGN jets • Torus around the AGN core • Extremely high brightness temperature objects (TB=1014 K) Beamwidth 100 Rs at 5 GHz for M87 Jet Structure Plasma Torus in absorption 5-years jet monitor of 1928+738

  6. VSOP publications PASJ VSOP issue Advances In Space Research VSOP symposium

  7. Success of large scaleInternational Collaboration HALCA Tracking Stations: NASA DSN (Goldstone, Tidbinbilla, Madrid), NRAO Green Bank, Usuda (ISAS) Navigation: NASA JPL, ISAS Correlators VLBA (NRAO), Penticton (DRAO, Canada), Mitaka (NAOJ) Radio Telescopes: VLBA, VLA, Green Bank 140 ft (NRAO), Arecibo, DSN 70m (GO, TI, RO), Jodrell Bank, Westerbork, Onsala, Effelsberg, Torun, Noto, Metsahovi, Kalyazin, Shanghai, Hartebeesthoek, ATCA, Hobart, Ceduna, Mopra, Usuda, Kashima (14 countries, 32 telescopes)

  8. VSOP-2

  9. VSOP-2 Mission VSOP-2 is the upgraded space VLBI mission following the VSOP mission. 10 times higher sensitivity. 10 times higher frequency observation 10 times higher resolution with ～ 40 μarcseconds(43 GHz). Observing band 8, 22, 43 GHz(Wavelength of 3.8, 1.3 and 0.7 cm) Dual polarization Phase-referencing capability

  10. Present status ＶＳＯＰ－２ Resolution of current & future telescopes in all wavelength ＶＳＯＰ Lobanov, A.P. 2003, SKA Memo 38

  11. Characteristics of the future radio telescopes Sensitivity SKA (Square Kilometer Array) ALMA Higher Frequency Resolution VSOP-2

  12. Launcher and orbit • Launch : 2011 in earliest caes • Launcher : M-V rocket by JAXA • Orbit : (cf HALCA) • Apogee 25,000 km (21,300 km) Perigee 1,000 km (560 km) • inclination 31° (31 °) • period 7.5 hour (6.3 hour) • Mass 910 kg (831 kg) • Power 1,800 W (700 W)

  13. VSOP-2 Science Targets • Key science : • Jet structure, collimation and acceleration • Structure of plasma tori, accretion disks, BHs in active galactic nucleus (AGN) • Structure of magnetosphere in protostars • Other science targets: • Galactic masers in star-forming region • Extragalactic Megamasers • Radio quiet quasars • X-ray binaries, SNR, gravitational lenses etc.

  14. Look at the BLACK HOLE !? a-c: inclination 20° g-I: inclination 45° Model VSOP-2 image Model VSOP-2 image Imaging of Accretion Disk ADAF、TB=109-10 K （Standard Disk = 105K ） Black Hole 10 Rg resolution @ M87 distance (Takahashi et al. 2004) Schwartschild………………...…..Extreme Kerr

  15. Magneto-HydroDynamic Simulation (Meier et al. 2001) Rotating accretion disk + Magnetic Fiels Polarization Image by VSOP VSOP-2 enables full-polarization Image

  16. Dynamics of galaxies and the star forming regions using maser emission • Mega-maser in NGC4258 type galaxies • Measurement of the proper motion in short timescale • Doppler shift measurement • 3 dimensional dynamics • Estimation of the central mass • Star Forming Region • Late Type Stars NGC4258 Miyoshi et al. 1995

  17. VSOP-2 satellite • 9-m offset Cassegrain antenna with modular structure • Light weight

  18. VSOP-2 engineering developments • Large deployable antenna for λ=7 mm • High data rate sampling of the data • 1 Gbps data transmission • Cooled low noise amplifiers on board. • Development of the phase-referencing • Switching capability • Total satellite system design • Mass budget • Power budget • Heat control system • Attitude control system • Power supply system • Structure fit to the M-V fairing

  19. Deployment mechanism of theModular antenna structure Launch 2006 ? ETS-VIII(JAXA) • Same deployment mechanism as ETSVIII • modular antenna structure Deployment image of ETS-VIII Deployment test of ETS-VIII

  20. Development of a high accuracy antenna module

  21. Deployment of the module Deployment system test. Confirmed mechanical structure

  22. Radiation test of the high speed A/D LSI Total dose test (April 2001) Single event test （August 2001) 1:16 DEMUX 10 Gbps 1 bit A/D Heavy ion beam Correlator

  23. Solution of high torque actuator • 4 reaction wheels and 2 CMG for rapid switching • CMG • changes the direction of the spin axis set by the reaction wheels • Simulations • Assuming : • Switching cycle 1 minute • Amplitude 3.5 ° • Flexible structure body CMG control test separation angle < 3° Switching cycle < 1min. Attitude error < 0.005°

  24. International Collaborations • International collaboration based on VSOP experience • Correlators, tracking stations, orbit determination • Ground telescopes commitments based on GVWG (Global VLBI Working Group) discussion. • Many new Ground Telescopes • VERA 4 stations, Yamaguchi, Uchinoura , • KVN 3 stations, • Urumqi, Delingha, Beijing • Sardinia, Yebes • GBT • Possibility of SKA with VSOP-2

  25. Status of VSOP-2 • JAXA/ISAS • Developments are going. • The VSOP-2 mission proposal was submitted to ISAS Science Steering Committee in October, 2003, but could not go to the budget request. • Revised version of the proposal will be submitted soon as an M-V mission @ 2011 • 3 missions are the candidates to be approved. • NAOJ • Space VLBI project office for VSOP-2 is started from last April • NAOJ and ISAS will be core institute for the VSOP-2 mission, as we did in the VSOP mission.

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