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Life on Earth Kingdom Plantae Part II

Life on Earth Kingdom Plantae Part II. Rhyniophyta and Lycopodiophyta. Cooksonia. Introduction. Sporophyte generation (2N) is the photosynthetic, conspicuous generation All members have evolved specialized tissues for water ( XYLEM ) and food ( PHLOEM ) conduction

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Life on Earth Kingdom Plantae Part II

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  1. Life on EarthKingdom PlantaePart II Rhyniophyta and Lycopodiophyta Cooksonia

  2. Introduction • Sporophyte generation (2N) is the photosynthetic, conspicuous generation • All members have evolved specialized tissues for water (XYLEM) and food (PHLOEM) conduction • Groups continue to become better adapted to the terrestrial environment

  3. PLANT KINGDOM “bryophytes” “vascular plants” “green algae” Evolutionary Lines

  4. Evolution of Non-Seed, Vascular Plants

  5. Early Devonian Landscape(about 400 million years ago)

  6. Psilophyton Aglaophyton early lycophytes Zosterophyllum Cooksonia Reconstructed Early Devonian Landscape

  7. Phylum: Rhyniophyta • Known from fossils more than 400 million years old (all extinct today) • Sporophytes had no roots or leaves • Sporangia produced only one kind of spore (homosporous) • Example: • Rhynia (found in chert beds in England)

  8. Phylum: Lycophyta • Plants with true roots and microphyllous leaves • Some species produce compacted sporophylls into a cone or strobilus • Some genera are homosporous (Lycopodium and Huperzia) others are heterosporous (Selaginella and Isoetes)

  9. HOMOSPOROUS PLANTS gametophyte generation with archegonia AND antheridia (monoecious) spores or female gametophyte with archegonia dioecious gametophytes megaspores male gametophyte with antheridia HETEROSPOROUS PLANTS microspores Heterospory vs. Homospory

  10. Lycopodium • Common in New England and the Great Lakes Region • Often used for Christmas decorations (evergreen) • Spores were once used as photographic flash powder

  11. Lycopodium(strobili)

  12. Selaginella • Species are heterosporous with microsporangia and megasporangia • Megaspores develop into female gametophytes • Microspores develop into male gametophytes • Large group with tropical, temperate and desert species

  13. Selaginella rupestris

  14. Selaginella with strobili

  15. Selaginella striboli megasporangium microsporangium

  16. Selaginella strobilus

  17. Selaginella (sporangia) megasporangium microsporangium

  18. Selaginellalepidophylla

  19. Isoetes • Commonly known as “quillworts” • Each microphyllous leaf is a sporophyll, either a microsporophyll or a megasporophyll (heterosporous) • Stem is a fleshy “corm” • Often grow at the margins of ponds and lakes

  20. Isoetes

  21. Isoetes microsporangium

  22. Isoetes

  23. Isoetes melanopoda (Nebraska)

  24. Lepidodendron • Known as the fossil “scale tress” • Common forest giant of the CarboniferousPeriod • Helped to form present day coal deposits

  25. Carboniferous Forest Reconstruction

  26. Lepidodendron

  27. Base of Lepidodendron (Stigmaria)

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