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The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System. Mr. Mah Living Environment Lecture 8. SWBAT: Identify the general function and major organs of the endocrine system. . The Endocrine System.

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The Endocrine System

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  1. The Endocrine System Mr. Mah Living Environment Lecture 8

  2. SWBAT: Identify the general function and major organs of the endocrine system.

  3. The Endocrine System • made up of glands that release their products (hormones) into the bloodstream so “messages” can be delivered throughout the body • Gland = an organ that produces and releases a substance • Hormonesaffect other endocrine glands or body systems

  4. Major Parts • Pituitary • Hypothalamus • Thyroid • Parathyroid • Adrenal • Pancreas • Reproductive

  5. Pituitary Gland • Pituitary gland: a small gland located on a stalk hanging from the base of the brain - AKA • “The Master Gland” • Primary function is to control other glands. • Produces many hormones. • Secretion is controlled by the hypothalamusin the base of the brain.

  6. Gigantism • Tallest Man in History • Robert Wadlow • 8 Foot 11 Inches • Weighed 490 lbs • Died at the age of 22.

  7. Gigantism • AKAAcromegaly • Pituitary Disorder • produces excess Human Growth Hormone • Very hard to detect • Can result in: • Severe disfigurement of face and joints • Premature death

  8. Yao Ming? • Yao is 7 feet 6 inches tall • Earl Boykins is the shortest basketball player in the NBA at 5 feet 6 inches. • Gigantism or Acromegaly? • NOPE! Yao is just born from pure genetics. His parents were 6’10 (dad) and 6’3 (mom)

  9. Hypothalamus • Part of brain and pituitary gland • CONTROLS PITUITARY SECRETIONS • Hypothalamus  releases hormones into blood pituitary controls production and release of other hormones

  10. Thyroid Gland • At base of neck wrapped around the upper trachea • MAJOR ROLE: regulation of metabolism • Produces Thyroxin – Hormone that affects your metabolism • Hyperthyroidism: too much thyroxinnervousness, increased body temp and metabolism rate, increased blood pressure, weight loss • Hypothyroidism-too little thyroxinopposite effects

  11. Parathyroid Glands • small, pea-shaped glands, located in the neck near the thyroid • Usually 4 - number can vary • regulate the level of calcium in the body

  12. Pancreas • a key gland located near the duodenum • secretes several key digestive enzymes • insulin stimulates liver and muscle cells to remove glucose from blood and store as glycogen or fat • include 2 types of cells: • alpha ( ) • beta () • each secretes an important hormone.

  13. Cell Types in the Pancreas • Alpha () cells release glucagon, increasing blood glucose levels. • Beta Cells () release insulin • Insulin  the rate at which various body cells take up glucose. Thus, insulin lowers the blood glucose level. • Insulin is rapidly broken down by the liver and must be secreted constantly.

  14. Diabetes mellitus • Pancreas fails to produce or properly use insulin • Too much glucose can lead to cell damage • Type I – autoimmune disorder –usually under age 15, produce little or no insulin so must inject insulin daily • Type II –usually older than 40, low to normal insulin production but insulin/receptor interaction is inefficient – treat with diet, exercise, pills or insulin injections

  15. Adrenal Gland • 2 small glands that sit atop both kidneys. • Each has 2 parts, each with different functions. • Adrenal Cortex (80% of the gland) – secretes 24 different hormones • Adrenal Medullasecretes the hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine (Adrenaline)

  16. Adrenal Gland Continued • Adrenal Medulla • Hormone release controlled by nervous system • Prepares body for energy–intensive activities • Ex: Epinephrine – “fight or flight response” • Both increase heart rate, blood pressure and blood flow to muscles, opens air passageways wider, releases extra glucose  general increase in body activities

  17. Reproductive Glands • Also called gonads: ovaries, testes • 2 Main functions = produce gametesand secrete sex hormones • Ovary hormones: -Estrogen: development of egg and female characteristics -Progesterone : prepares uterus for arrival of developing embryo • Testes hormone: -Testosterone: required for normal sperm production and development of male characteristics

  18. Gonads and Ovaries: • Female ovaries produce eggs • Male gonads produce sperm • Estrogen and Progesterone have several functions, including sexual development and preparation of the uterus for the egg. • Testes: • Located in the scrotum • Produce sperm for reproduction • Make testosterone - • Promotes male growth and masculinization

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