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Ethics and the DNA Database

Ethics and the DNA Database. Presented by: Mick Carling, Police Science and Technology Unit Date: April 2014. Contents. Introduction Ethics and the State Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety Genealogical Ethics Mathematical Ethics Genetic Ethics Summary. Contents. Introduction

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Ethics and the DNA Database

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  1. Ethics and the DNA Database Presented by: Mick Carling, Police Science and Technology Unit Date: April 2014

  2. Contents • Introduction • Ethics and the State • Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety • Genealogical Ethics • Mathematical Ethics • Genetic Ethics • Summary

  3. Contents • Introduction • Ethics and the State • Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety • Genealogical Ethics • Mathematical Ethics • Genetic Ethics • Summary

  4. A Murder Study • All people murdered in England and Wales in 2009-10 and 2011-12 (the date of the offence is key) • Asked each force, for each murder – what did you do forensically? • Was it of use to the senior detective in the case?

  5. Results – DNA, FP and Footwear

  6. Results – Database Searches

  7. DNA in Major Crime Search on DNA Database 238 Homicides 526 rapes in 2012-13 Cold Case Reviews Familial Searching M3 Murder (First Use) Damilola Taylor Rachel Nickell Ipswich Murders Sheffield Shoe Rapist

  8. Contents • Introduction • Ethics and the State • Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety • Genealogical Ethics • Mathematical Ethics • Genetic Ethics • Summary

  9. What can you never catch with DNA?

  10. Family Relations and Profiles 15 18; 6 9; 11 13; 22 22; 31 32.2; 14 17; 17 20; 11 12; 13 16.2; 15 16; M

  11. Paternity Tests • Mother • 12 18; 5 6; 11 16; 16 22; 30 32.2; 12 14; 20 23; 12 17; 13 14; 15 15; • Child • 15 18; 6 9; 11 13; 22 22; 31 32.2; 14 17; 17 20; 11 12; 13 16.2; 15 16; • Father • 14 15; 8 9; 10 13; 22 17; 26 31; 12 17; 17 27; 11 15; 18 16.2; 16 19; • Familial Searching

  12. Familial Searches • Y-str • Latest Profiling Techniques • Inclusion on a database

  13. Contents • Introduction • Ethics and the State • Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety • Genealogical Ethics • Mathematical Ethics • Genetic Ethics • Summary

  14. Random Match Probabilities • Probability Distribution Curve. In UK it is said less than 1 in a billion chance of matching a person chosen at random. • Peak of Curve • SGM+ Random Match Probability 1.2x10^-12 • Newer Techniques (Source STR Base) • NGM Random Match Probability 1.85x10^-22 • Powerplex Random Match Probability 6.58x10^-29

  15. One in a million RMP Gets worse for higher probabilities Royal Statistical Society Fundamentals of Probability and Statistical Evidence in Criminal Proceedings Aitken, Roberts and Jackson

  16. Contents • Introduction • Ethics and the State • Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety • Genealogical Ethics • Mathematical Ethics • Genetic Ethics • Summary

  17. Genomes • Retention of Genomes / DNA Samples • 1995 • Medical Information • Protection of Freedoms Act – 7.7 million destroyed by May 2013 • Germany, Sweden and Belgium • Casework vs Databases

  18. Summary • Ethics and the State • Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety • Genealogical Ethics • Mathematical Ethics • Genetic Ethics

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