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Introduction to the National DNA Database NDNAD Ethics Group

Introduction to the National DNA Database NDNAD Ethics Group. April 2014. NDNAD Governance. NDNAD Strategy Board: NDNAD Strategy Board: Chaired by Mr Sims Responsible for overall strategic management of the Database Governance Rules Representation from:

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Introduction to the National DNA Database NDNAD Ethics Group

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  1. Introduction to theNational DNA Database NDNAD Ethics Group April 2014

  2. NDNAD Governance NDNAD Strategy Board: • NDNAD Strategy Board:Chaired by Mr Sims • Responsible for overall strategic management of the Database • Governance Rules Representation from: Home Office Information Commissioners Office Forensic Science Regulator NDNAD Ethics Group Criminal Justice Service SPA (Scottish Police Authority) ACPOS Scientific Support Services of Northern Ireland

  3. NDNAD Legislation 1997 1998 1998 2001 2003 2005 1984 1994 Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) 1984 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act (CJPOA) 1994 Criminal Evidence (Amend -ment) Act 1997 Changes in the Data Protection Act (DPA) 1998 Criminal Justice and Police Act (CJPA) 2001 Criminal Justice Act (CJA) 2003 The Human Rights Act (HRA) 1998 Serious Organised Crime and Police Act (SOCPA) 2005

  4. NDNAD Legislation 2012 2014 Protection of Freedoms Act Retention periods for NDNAD records Anti Social Behaviour and Crime Bill Allows for sampling of an arrestee for a second time, retention of casework retention times

  5. NDNAD and NDNAD Delivery Unit • System that identifies links between DNA found at scenes of crime with DNA obtained from arrestees (and on occasion other individuals such as vulnerable persons and missing persons). • Ensures the integrity of the records on the NDNAD. • These are functions that the NDNAD Delivery Unit performs on behalf of national policing.

  6. Overview: What does NDNAD do? Police Laboratory NDNAD Information from person submitted to Police National Computer 9 items of data sent from PNC to NDNAD electronically If all numbers in profile match another profile, match report produced • Sample taken from: • person at arrest • Scene of crime Sample submitted and DNA profile obtained DNA profile submitted to load to NDNAD Investigations into intelligence Intelligence Report sent to forces

  7. HO responsibilities HO NDU • Providing the IT infrastructure • Advising on the data to be held • Setting the technical standards for supplier laboratories • Setting the information assurance standards • Delivering the service to police forces • Ensuring the highest standards of integrity in the management of the Database • Developing the Database in line with Police requirements • Providing Management Information

  8. 2012-13 Information • 362,319 new DNA profiles from individuals were added to the database. • 33,190 new profiles from crime scenes were added. • 592,777 DNA profiles were deleted from the NDNAD. The majority of these were deleted as part of work, begun in January 2013, to delete DNA profiles of innocent people in preparation for the Protection of Freedoms Act coming into force.

  9. March 2014 Information • About 4.7 million individuals have one or more record retained. • March 2013about 5.9 million individuals had a record retained • Over 450k profiles from crime scenes are retained.

  10. 2012-13 Information • 61% chance that the database will produce a match when a crime stain is searched against the NDNAD. This match rate is one of the highest in Europe • 211 DNA matches from urgent searches were generated for serious crimes – including 55 homicides and 60 rapes. • a routine match to a possible suspect was produced in 24,894 crimes in 2012-13, • a further 1,247 crimes, the database provided a match to another crime (rather than an individual) and • a further 1,842 crimes were provided with information after an incomplete profile search was performed.

  11. UK DNA Databases Belfast • The National DNA Database is located at Birmingham - holds profiles from England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland Dundee • Units from 5 organisations submit records to NDNAD • A Scottish Database is held by the Dundee laboratory Birmingham • A Northern Ireland Database is held in Belfast by FSNI

  12. UK DNA Databases- other services • Missing Persons DNA Database • ~900 Missing Persons Records • Vulnerable Persons DNA Database • ~2,300 Vulnerable Persons • DNA Mixture check through DNAboost • Familial Searching • *Figures as at 1st April 2014

  13. Data Exchange • International sharing • Interpol - this is the main request route • From Jan to Dec 2013 we received and processed 569, which resulted in 36 positive DNA matches from NDNAD. • Missing Persons Bureau • G8 agreement • FBI and NDU exchange data directly without going through Interpol but still following the same principles. • Recently Canada has joined this mechanism. From Jan – Dec 2013 NDU exchanged only 2 through this route. • UKCA (legal to legal requests) • CT wash through

  14. History of DNA Profiling 1983, Narborough, Leicestershire, UK 15 year old school girl Lynda Mann raped and Murdered 1986, Narborough, Leicestershire, UK 15 year old school girl Dawn Ashworth Raped and Murdered Same MO Prime Suspect: Richard BUCKLAND Perpetrator was of Blood Group A Perpetrator was of Blood Group A BUCKLAND confessed on Dawn Ashworth denied that of Lynda Mann Contact made with Prof Sir Alec Jefferys, Dr. Dave Werrett and Dr. Peter Gill (Forensic Science Service) Case investigation closed

  15. What is DNA? • DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid - found in all cells in the body (except red blood cells) • DNA exists as: - nuclear DNA and - mitochondrial DNA • Together these contain the complete code of instructions for making the proteins that build the machinery of life.

  16. What is DNA? DNA samples are analysed for 10 of these STRs located on 10 different sets of paired chromosomes and for the amelogenin gene (which is an indicator of the gender of the individual) to determine the DNA profile XY 15,18 15,18 9,9 17,23 11,14 29,32.2, 14,17 14,15 7,9.3 20,22

  17. Forensic Database Genetic relationships - paternity testing - maternity testing - familial relationships Evidential casework Intelligence-led screens Intelligence databases - identifying suspects - linking offences Gender determination Ethnic inference Prediction of commonplace characteristics - eye/hair colour Identification of missing persons/ dead bodies/ victims of mass disasters

  18. Progression - Technology 2011 1995 2000 Process Manual Processing Automation Capillary Electrophoresis (NEAR) FUTURE Software LIMS Expert Interpretation Software Specialised Searching Science MtDNA Y-STR Low Template DNA 1-2 days PACE Turn Around Time Months & Major Backlog Weeks & ‘Order book’ Weeks 5-14 days C/S < 1 hour <24 hr Rapid Services

  19. DNA-17 • Interim • NI • 1,977 DNA profiles from subjects • 168 DNA profiles from crime scenes • Move to DNA-17 in July 14 • Increased sensitivity • Match probability of 1 in billion remains • SGMPlus matches are still very good evidential value • Work with CPS and judiciary 20

  20. The Future? 21

  21. 10-15 years – phenotypic characteristics 22

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