The European Renaissance…

1. The European Renaissance… Good morning! Take out a piece of paper and answer the warm up questions!!!!! 1. List three effects of the Black Death? 2. What do you think the word ‘Renaissance’ means? 3. Write down all you know or have ever heard about the Renaissance? 1350- mid 16th century

3. Warm-up part 2 • Rewrite this question in your own words “How did the Renaissance change man’s view of man?” • Looking at your background essay, what are three ways you believe the Renaissance has changed man’s view of man?

4. Causes of the Renaissance • During the Late middle ages, Europe suffered from both war and plague. • Those who survived need something to live for, to make them happy again. • They wanted to celebrate the life and the human spirit

5. The Renaissance • means “rebirth” • European Renaissance (1300-1600s): • rebirth of ideas and culture reminiscent of Greece & Rome • Started in Italy • The Renaissance followed the Middle Ages • Primary development in urban centers (cities)

6. Why Italy? • Thriving cities • A wealthy merchant class • Classical heritage of Greece and Rome

7. Florence, Italy • main Italian city-state (a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit) where Renaissance began • Became wealthiest city-state • Renaissance ideas spread from Italy to other European locations • Venice used its coastal location for international trade • Crusades opened up trade in the Mediterranean Sea

8. Renaissance… • POLITICAL IMPORTANCE -society was mainly run by wealthy merchant families -ex: The Medici- powerful banking family in Florence • ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE -these families traded w/ many other countries and spread Renaissance “ideas” -traded w/ Byzantine & Islamic Empires, England & the Netherlands

9. Renaissance… Social Importance: • time of recovery from Black Plague & political instability • Italian thinkers emphasized humanism • Humanism: focus on importance of the individual & positive human qualities • The Renaissance put more emphasis on the work and worth of the individual

10. Looking to Greece and Rome • The artists and scholars of Italy drew inspiration from the ruins of Rome that surrounded them. • Western scholars studied ancient Latin manuscripts that had been preserved in monasteries. • Christian scholars in Constantinople fled to Rome with Greek manuscripts when the Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453.

11. Humanists • Focus on human potential and achievements • Instead of trying to make classical texts agree with Christian teachings, as medieval scholars had, humanists studied them to understand ancient Greek values. • Made popular the study of subjects such as history, literature, and philosophy. These subjects are called the humanities.

12. Petrarch“The father of Humanism” • Believed God gave people intelligence & talents that should be used to the fullest in all aspects of life • Credited with perfecting the sonnet (14 line poem) • Known for being one of the first people to refer to the Dark Ages

13. “Renaissance Man” • During this period, Renaissance writers introduced the idea that all educated people were expected to create art. In fact, the individual should strive to excel in almost every area of study. • Someone who excels in multiple fields/ has many talents is considered a ‘Renaissance Man’ • He should be charming, witty, and well educated in the classics. He should dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. In addition he should be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman! • Modern Day examples • Will Smith • Justin Timberlake • Who else can you think of?

14. Time out! Review • The art, music, and philosophy of the MEDIEVAL PERIOD in Europe generally focused on…? • Human scientific achievements • Religious themes • Materialism • Greek and Roman Mythology • One factor that helped the Renaissance flourish in northern Italy was that the region had…? • A wealthy class that invested in the arts • A socialist government • Limited contact with the Byzantines • A shrinking middle class • Renaissance means? Of what?

15. Time out! Review • In Europe, a major characteristic of humanism developed by writers such as Petrarch was…? • Belief in the supremacy of the state • Rejection of ancient civilizations and their culture • Emphasis on social control and obedience to rulers • Appreciation for worth of individual achievement

16. Good morning!!! Take out your notes from yesterday OR a new piece of paper and complete the following warm up! 1. One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in Northern Italy was that the region had • a wealthy class that invested in the arts, and gossiped about the ideas of the Renaissance • a socialist for of government • limited contact with the Byzantine Empire • a shrinking middle class 2. How did European society during the Renaissance differ from European society during the Middle Ages? • the Church was no longer influential • the emphasis on individual worth increased • economic activity declined • art no longer contained religious themes 3. The black plague was spread to Europe as a result of contact with • a. merchants from western Africa • b. traders from Northern Asia • c. barbarians from Scandinavia • d. explorers returning from the Americas

17. Machiavelli • “Renaissance Man” from Florence • Political Importance: • He wrote The Prince • Most writers emphasized the importance of monarchs ruling according to Christian ethics and principles • He believed monarchs should rule according to what was best for everyone, not according to Christian beliefs • A king or prince might have to trick his enemies and even his own people for the good of the state • Machiavelli was not concerned with what was morally right, but with what was politically effective. Is it better to be FEARED or LOVED?

18. Dante • Wrote humanist literature in common everyday language of the time • Widely considered to be “father of the Italian language” b/c of the local language he used…what is this called????? • Wrote the Divine Comedy • On the surface the poem describes Dante's travels through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven; but at a deeper level it represents the soul's journey towards God. His search for Salvation • Dante’s inferno

19. Erasmus • Best known Christian Humanist • Believed in reforming Catholic Church from within and ending corruption • Wrote the Praise of Folly.This book poked fun at greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars and pompous priests. • Taught that obedience to the Bible and sincere devotion to God were more important than religious rituals

20. Heroes in a Half Shell • When you think Renaissance artists think of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, because they were named after them. • Michelangelo • Donatello • Leonardo • Raphael • They were sculptors, poets, architects and painters

21. Donatello Raphael • Younger than Michelangelo and Leonardo • Made sculptor more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions that reveal personality. • Considered the greatest sculptor before Michelangelo • Famous for his use of perspective—shows 3 dimensions on a flat surface

23. Leonardo da Vinci • Original “Renaissance Man” • Expert in painting, sculpting, engineering, physics, anatomy, etc. • Interested in how things worked • He studied the human body and how it works and then incorporated his findings into his art. • Thought of many inventions that couldn’t actually be built until the 20th century

24. Leonardo da Vinci…Most famous works of art: • Mona Lisa • The Last Supper The Vitruvian Man

25. Michelangelo David The Sistine Chapel • Renaissance artist • Best known for idealized paintings & sculptures of the human form • Created human images to reflect the “divine beauty of God”

26. Sistine Chapel • Official residence of the Pope in Vatican City • Michelangelo painted 12,000 sq. feet of the chapel ceiling from 1508-1512 • Originally the ceiling was painted blue with gold stars • Michelangelo was originally intimidated by the whole thing and preferred to decline- he considered himself more of a sculptor than a painter

27. Review Time • How did Italy’s cities help make it the birthplace of the Renaissance? • What does it mean to be a “Renaissance man”? • What are the main characteristics of Humanism? • Give me one cause of the Renaissance.

28. What is something you HATE?! Think pop-culture, modern, and nothing OFFENSIVE!

29. Good morning!!!! • Take out a piece of paper (or same notes from last week) • We have 10 slides…ONLY 10…I PROMISE • Then we are watching a movie!!!!

30. The Protestant Reformation… Prior to this, the Catholic Church had dominated religious practice & politics in Europe for hundreds of years…

31. Protestant Reformation • During the Middle Ages the Catholic Church possessed tremendous political power • This was a movement against certain practices of the Catholic Church • It was called Protestant because in 1529 a number of German princes Protested efforts by the Catholic emperor to impose Catholicism to all the territories in Germany. • So where did Protestantism come from?

32. Martin Luther • Note: He is not black, he IS NOT MARTIN LUTHER KING JR • Catholic monk & professor • Began to disagree with many aspects of Catholicism • Ex: selling indulgences. what is this? • Slips of paper purchased from the Church which granted forgiveness of sins -believed people could only have salvation by mercy of God, not by doing good deeds like Catholic church said

33. \ • “As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs.” --John Tetzel

34. Martin Luther… • Eventually broke away from Catholic church • Publicly posted, printed, & distributed his 95 Theseswhich attacked Catholic practices

35. Martin Luther… • His ideas became a catalyst for the Protestant Reformation • Lutheranism (named after Martin Luther) developed as the 1st Protestant faith

36. John Calvin • He’s in Switzerland • Early convert to Protestantism • Wrote summary of Protestant beliefs, established him as leader within the faith • Believed in predestination, God is all powerful & has already decided who will receive salvation & who will not • Eventually “Calvinism” became the foundation for the Presbyterian church

37. Johannes Gutenberg • Printed 1st Bible in Europe with movable type • Movable type- allowed ideas of Protestant Reformation to spread rapidly • New printing industry- encouraged more people to learn/read • Gave people more access to religious texts & literature

38. Just how fast was the printing press?????

39. Henry VIII • King of England • Wanted to divorce his wife because she had yet to give him a male heir. Is this ok? • Established Protestant Church in England called the Anglican Church • Let him divorce his wife, but other than that kept many of the same ideas as the Catholic Church

40. Elizabeth I • Queen of England, daughter of Henry VIII • Turned her father’s Anglican Church into a moderate form of Protestantism during her reign as Queen • Her reign is known as the Elizabethan Era characterized by the flourishing of English Dramas and the works of men like William Shakespeare. • Modern Day “Church of England”

41. Stop! Review Time! 1. Piece of paper bought from the church granting forgiveness? 2. Wrote “95 Theses”? 3. Invented the printing press? 4. English monarch who broke from the Catholic church because he wanted a divorce? 5. Restored and reformed the Anglican Church that her dad created?

42. Indulgences: John Tetzel sold these “tickets to Heaven” • Martin Luther: Protested the church selling indulgences and wrote the 95 Theses attacking the church • Pope Leo X: Excommunicated Martin Luther • Excommunicated: Kicked out of the church • John Calvin: Inspired by Luther to create his own church “Calvinism” • Henry VIII: Created the church of England and broke away from the Catholic Church because he wanted a divorce • Pope Clement VII: Excommunicated Henry VIII b/c he broke away from the Catholic Church

43. The Counter Reformationa.k.a- Catholic Reformation

44. The Jesuits • Group of Catholics who wanted to restore Catholicism to those areas in Europe who had converted to Protestantism • Missionaries, took a vow of allegiance to the Pope • Recognized as new religious order within Catholicism • Using education, restored Catholicism to many areas in Europe

45. Council of Trent • Body of Catholic Bishops • Met over 18 year period to work on reforming corrupt practices in Catholicism • Upheld the idea that good works were required for salvation, & use of indulgences