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Journal:. Describe in detail a time when you “snapped”. Include the events leading up to the moment of losing it and how it all ended. Theory on why revolutions happen. J-Curve Hypothesis. Revolution occurs at this point. Expected satisfaction of needs and wants.
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Journal: • Describe in detail a time when you “snapped”. Include the events leading up to the moment of losing it and how it all ended.
Theory on why revolutions happen • J-Curve Hypothesis Revolution occurs at this point Expected satisfaction of needs and wants Actual satisfaction of needs and wants An intolerable gap between what people want and what they get Time
continue • Revolutions are more likely to occur after a long period of social and economic development, followed by a sharp downturn. The people’s view of conditions, their expectations, are more important than the actual conditions or state of development. The gap between reality and expectations creates a loss of confidence. When frustrations develop that are intense and widespread, they are released through violent action.
The Next “Logical” Step “Don’t question us or else” “…hmmm…” “We’re not gonna take it – No we ain’t gonna take it!”
The World Turned Upside Down The World Turned Upside Down
‘ The French Revolution
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity… -- Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities
1. Long Term Causes – The Old Regime Society of France
Financial Problemsin France, 1789 • Urban Commoner’sBudget: • Food 80% • Rent 25% • Tithe 10% • Taxes 35% • Clothing 20% • TOTAL 170%
2. The Immediate Cause The French Monarchy:1775 - 1793 Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI
Let Them Eat Cake! • Marie Antoinette NEVER said that! • “Madame Deficit” • “The Austrian Whore”
2. The Immediate Cause • King’s Budget: • Interest 50% • Army 25% • Versailles 25% • Coronation 10% • Loans 25% • Admin. 25% • TOTAL 160%
Convening the Estates General May, 1789 Last time it was called into session was 1614!
The Suggested Voting Pattern:Voting by Estates 1 Clergy 1st Estate 1 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 1 Commoners 3rd Estate Louis XIV insisted that the ancient distinction of the three orders be conserved in its entirety.
Each estate is represented but… • 1st=300 reps=1 vote (2% of pop.) • 2nd=300 reps=1 vote (2% of pop.) • 3rd=600 reps=1 vote (96% 0f pop.)
“The Third Estate Awakens” • The commoners finally presented their credentials not as delegates of the Third Estate, but as “representatives of the nation.” • They proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly” of France.
“The Tennis Court Oath”by Jacques Louis David June 20, 1789
3. The Storming of the Bastille Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789 • A rumor that the king was planning a military coup against the National Assembly. • 18 died. • 73 wounded. • 7 guards killed. • It held 7 prisoners [5 ordinary criminals & 2 madmen].
The Great Fear: Peasant Revolt(July 20, 1789) • Rumors that the feudal aristocracy [the aristos] were sending hired brigands to attack peasants and pillage their land.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen August 26, 1789 • Liberty! • Equality! • Fraternity
The Tricolor (1789) Citizen!
French Revolution Recap Blues • Economy’s broke, No Flow • Louis the king’s all like “Yo?” • “Help me out my French bro’s!” • Estates General has the Go • 1st time in 175 years, don’t ya know? • It’s unfairly represented, though • So… • National Assembly is Fo’med • Louis responds, “Hells no!” • Then comes the Tennis Court Oath • Louis agrees, then says “D’Oh” • Orders troops to settle the sco’ (score) • The people react, Bastille is no mo’ (more) • The Great Fear comes over the po’ (poor) • Causes some major refo’ms (reforms) • Is it enough to make happy the common folk?
4. Radicalism • Extreme Change Towards a completely new society • Moderate change is not fast enough • Push towards equality and freedom • Use of violence to achieve objectives
4. Radicalism Louis XVI as a Pig
Louis XVI’s Head (January 21, 1793) • The trial of the king was hastened by the discovery in a secret cupboard in the Tuilieres of a cache of documents. • They proved conclusively Louis’ knowledge and encouragement of foreign intervention. • The National Convention voted387 to 334 to execute the monarchs.
5. The Reign of Terror The Reign of Terror Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. -- Robespierre
Let terror be the order of the day! • The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris alone executed 2,639 victims in 15 months. • The total number of victims nationwide was over 20,000!
The Guillotine:An “Enlightenment Tool”? Oh, thou charming guillotine, You shorten kings and queens;By your influence divine,We have re-conquered our rights.Come to aid of the CountryAnd let your superb instrumentBecome forever permanentTo destroy the impious sect.Sharpen your razor for Pitt and his agentsFill your divine sack with heads of tyrants.
The “Monster” Guillotine The last guillotine execution in France was in 1939!
