MANET + NEMO Converged Communication

1. MANET + NEMO Converged Communication Kouji Okada (okada@sfc.wide.ad.jp) Ryuji Wakikawa (ryuji@sfc.wide.ad.jp) Jun Murai (jun@sfc.wide.ad.jp)

2. Mobile IPv6/NEMO Implementations USAGI for Linux SHISA(KAME) for BSD TAHI for conformance testing tools IPv4 Traversal for MIP6/NEMO IPv4 Care-of Address Registration Route Optimization for NEMO Inter-Home Agents Protocol (HAHA) Virtual Mobility Control Domain (VMCD) Optimizing Route Cache Protocol (ORC) Optimizing NEMO for nested mobility (ONEMO) Mobility Protocol Redundancy Inter-Home Agents Protocol (HAHA) Multiple Mobile Router managements IP End Multihoming Multiple Care-of Address Registration Policy based Routing Policy Exchange between MR - HA/CN Seamless/Fast Handover Fast MIP (implementation on SHISA) LIES (Inter Layer Control Information Exchange) Internet Connectivity Internet Gateway Support MANET protocols for IPv6 IP Addressing arrangement OLSR IPv6 implementation OLSRv2 protocols (a member of Design Team) MANEMO Integration of MANET and NEMO Policy Based Routing for efficient integration of NEMO and MANET Network Emulator for MANET experimentation and more Researches towards Unwired in WIDE

3. MANET + ?

4. Mobile Network (NEMO) • Network in vehicles for navigation, sensors, laptop, PDA, anything installed in vehicles • The NEMO Basic Support protocol is the Internet technology to provide Seamless Connectivity and Permanent Identification for moving network • Mobile Router (MR): connects vehicle to the Internet • Home Agent (HA): assists vehicle’s movement Internet navigation HA sensor ＭＲ laptop MR MR MR PDA

5. Assumed Technologies • Network Mobility (NEMO) • A technology to provide movement transparency to a network. NEMO assigns a permanent prefix for in-vehicle network. NEMO is a Mobile IPv6 extension to bind the permanent prefix and a care-of address. NEMO is applied to a network in moving vehicles. • Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) • A technology to build a network dynamically when a set of nodes form a mesh routing state for connectivity management. There are several routing protocols such as AODV, DSR, OLSR, TBRPF. MANET is applied to establish wireless multi-hop networks among vehicles for vehicle-vehicle communication and vehicle-road communication.

6. Nested Mobility: Unoptimized Route • Bypassing bi-directional tunnel by utilizing manet routes Home Agents Access router(s) Access router(s) root-MR2 root-MR1 root-MR2 root-MR1 sub-MR1 sub-MR3 sub-MR1 sub-MR3 sub-MR2 sub-MR4 sub-MR2 sub-MR4 VMN1 VMN2 VMN1 VMN2

7. Nested Mobility: Loop and Disconnect • If root-MR lost connectivity, sub-MRs cannot access to the Internet • If root-MR connects to sub-MRn, the loop topology is occurred Access router(s) root-MR2 root-MR1 sub-MR1 sub-MR3 sub-MR2 sub-MR4 VMN1 VMN2

8. Wireless Fixed Infrastructures in City

9. Wireless Infrastructures in Town Wireless Spot Vehicle Network PAN …

10. Required Features • Local Network Topology Discovery • Intelligent Connectivity Manipulation MANET????

11. Mobile Gateway • Mobile Gateway (MG) • Supporting NEMO Basic Support • Supporting Internet Gateway • Overlay manet network in order to connect mobile networks directly • Mobile Network is treated as a MANET cluster • Each Cluster is connected by Mobile Gateway • Not necessary to run MANET by nodes inside each cluster Internet MG Internet Connectivity MG Overlay MANET MG MG Mobile Network

12. Mobile Network Prefix Delegation Mobile Network Prefix Binding Registration Mobile Network Prefix Route Exchange Mobile Network Prefix Advertisement Mobile Gateway Configuration HA 3G WiMAX WiFI Wireless IF (adhoc) MG MG Mobile Network Mobile Network

13. Possible Routes HA Internet Internet Internet HA MG MG MG MG MG MG MG MG MG Route through HA Devious Route Direct Route

14. Advantages of Mobile Gateway • Address Assignment • Each vehicle can have a permanent prefix for an in-vehicle network. The permanent prefix can be used for MANET routing • Efficient Communication • A mobile gateway can switch a path depending on the vehicle’s network environment and user’s preference • Fault Tolerance • Even if network environment is changed, a mobile gateway can always select an active path for communications. • Always-on Internet Connectivity • A mobile gateway is capable to handle multiple interfaces such as WAN, MAN and LAN. Even if a wireless interface becomes out of coverage, a mobile gateway has alternative path to the Internet. (Even possible through an Internet Gateway) • Scalability • A mobile gateway exchanges network routes of each vehicle by MANET routing protocol. It can decrease a number of routes maintained by a manet routing protocol in terms of route aggregation.

15. SEGWAYNET

16. SEGWAYNET • Segwaynet is a plothome / testbed of the future Internet. It also represents possibility of two wheeled electric power ride. • Networked human transporter is future of vehicles • Segwaynet support several technologies: • Ad-hoc Network • Push To Talk Application • Message Floodings

17. What is Segway Testbed of Ad-hoc Network Routing Protocol Operation Routing Protocol Optimization Network Mobility Application Testbed

18. Hardware Configurations Small PC for Applications SONY VAIOPCG-U1 SONY VAIO VGN-U50 SONY VAIO VGN-UX90 Segway Camera Panasonic Network Camera BB-HCM 371 All IPv6 Mobile Gateway ATMark Techno Tiny CPU board Armadillo-9 (PC104, ARM920T) Linux 2.6 + GNU Zebra OLSR

19. Internet Connectivity Address Assignment IPv6 transition Ref. draft-wakikawa-manet-globalv6-04.txt draft-wakikawa-manet-ipv6-support-01.txt draft-perkins-manet-autoconf-01.txt Internet Connectivity Internet IG

20. Internet Network Configuration Internet Gateway Mobile Gateway Mobile Gateway 100Mbps Ethernet 100Mbps Ethernet Camera Small PC Camera Small PC

21. Ad-hoc Network Segway & devices and sensors are connected by wireless Applications Traffic Information Store Information Voice Information User Information Mesh IP Network covering Town computers/sensors Internet Gateway Internet

22. Data Dissemination • Flood6 module • Application Layered Flooding Scheme for Location Specific Data Distribution (Flooding) • Creation of flooding overlay network • An application can request flood6 module to join or leave a flooding network • SMF Flooding algorigthm support • Push To Talk (PTT) • walkie-talkie application on MANET • Implementation Info. • JAVA • IPv4 and IPv6 support • Sampling Rate (8KHz) • monaural sound

23. PUSH TO TALK (PTT) Internet Voice Data IPv6 Node Internet Gateway PTT Join Request flood6 Mobile Ad-hoc Network Mobile Gateway Mobile Gateway flood6 flood6 camera camera PTT PTT

24. Data Locally Distribution Bar’s Menu Tobacco sale New bento’s menu Tobacco New VAIO Debut Toy! Coffee Coffee Ice cream special New Value’s Menu Special Live Info! Auto-navigation to Starbucks

25. SHISA: MIP6 and NEMO implementation • RFC3775 (Mobility Support for IPv6) • MIP6 Working group • RFC3963 • NEMO working group • draft-ietf-mip6-mipext-advapi-03.txt • MIP6 working group • draft-wakikawa-mobileip-multiplecoa-03.txt • MIP6 working group • will be ready soon • draft-wakikawa-nemo-ipv4tunnel-01.txt • draft-wakikawa-mip6-nemo-haha-02.txt • MIP6/NEMO working group

26. OLSRv1 Implementation • Only IPv6 Support • An OLSR module for GNU Zebra • Running on FreeBSD/NetBSD/Linux/Arm- linux/MAC OS X • Supporting RFC3626

27. Full compliant implementation of NEMO Basic Support Protocol and extension of multiple care-of address registration SHISA for BSD http://www.mobileip.jp http://www.kame.net USAGI for Linux http://www.linux-ipv6.org Conformance Testing Tools TAHI (v6logo) http://www.tahi.org/ URL http://www.wakikawa.org IETF Activity Design Team (DT) of OLSRv2 @ MANET WG DT of mip6trans @ MIP6/NEMO WG IETF Documentations RFC 3963 draft-wakikawa-mip6-nemo-mcoa-04.txt draft-wakikawa-mip6-nemo-haha-spec-00.txt draft-montavont-mobileip-multihoming-pb-statement-04.txt draft-multihoming-generic-goals-and-benefits-01.txt draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-00.txt draft-wakikawa-manet-globalv6-04.txt draft-wakikawa-nemo-orc-01.txt References

28. Aintec 2006- MANET and NEMOConverged Environment - Ryuji Wakikawa Kouji Okada Jun Murai

29. Overview • Multi-home Communication Environment • Multiple Network Interfaces • Wifi, WiMAX, 3G • Multiple Network Models • Infrastructure Network, Ad-hoc Network • We developed the system to utilize multiple network models

30. Ad-hoc Network Multi-home Environment Internet Mobile Network

31. Communication Media/Network Model • Communication Media • Narrow-Area Communication Media • Narrow transmission range, Broad band, Low latency, Low cost, Unstable • Wide-Area Communication Media • Wide transmission range, Narrow band, High latency, High cost, Stable • Network Model • Infrastructure Network Model • Path quality changes at the network interface switch • Effective for Wide-Area Communication • Multi-hop Network Model • Dynamic path quality changes as nodes move • Effective for Local-Area Communication

32. Elemental Technologies • Network Mobility (NEMO) • Mobile Network • Multiple network interface consideration • Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) • Multi-hop ad-hoc communication

33. Requirements • Route management • Manage routing information from MANET and the Internet • Multiple routing protocols support on MANETs • Policy-based Routing • Utilize multiple paths according to the requirement from each application • Determine the outgoing network based on the path evaluation • Dynamic Policy Routing

34. Multiple Routing Protocol Environment Internet Internet Gateway Reactive Routing Re-distribution to the Internet Proactive Routing

35. GNU Zebra • URL • http://www.zebra.org/ • Supported Platform • Linux, NetBSD, FreeBSD, MacOSX • Supported Routing Protocols • BGP4, RIPv1, RIPv2, OSPFv2, OSPFv3 • Features • Route Re-Distribution • The Interface to the Routing Table in the Kernel • Routing Protocol Development Kit • Thread, CLI, data structure management

36. http://buffalo.melcoinc.co.jp/products/new/2002/064_2.html Low High http://www.keyman.or.jp/search/a_30000062_2.html WiFi Relationship betweendistance and throughput Distances of the wireless links make the link quality changes Node A Node B RSSI from Node A Node C

37. Path Quality Changes with Topology Changes Node A <-> Node C weak path Node A <-> Node B <-> Node C strong path Node B strong link strong link Node A weak link Node C Node C

38. Path Quality Evaluation Multi-hop Path Quality Evaluation Internet Link Quality Evaluation On Network Interfaces

39. Path Evaluation • Path quality evaluation based on extended routing messages. • Proactive routing protocols • Link evaluation with Hello messages • Advertise the link quality to MANET with link state advertisement messages • Re-active routing protocols • Extend the route reply messages to evaluate each links of the path • Need to define new messages to keep evaluating the link quality

40. Link Quality criteria • Band width • Link distance • Link node count • Latency • RTT • Stability • Hop count

41. Which MANET Routing Protocol ? • OLSR(Optimized Link State Routing Protocol) • Proactive routing protocol • Network route advertisement suport • Node weighting function • IPv6 support • In the real situation, multiple MANET routing protocols will be utlized for the mobile computing

42. OLSR Bandwidth Measurement System Architecture OSPF, RIP Routing information from the Internet Routing information in the MANET Path quality information Routing Manager Policy Manager Routing information Policy based routing configuration Routing Table Policy Routing Table

43. OLSR modification • IPv6 support • Message Broadcast Address • All-node multicast address • New HNA message format • Enable to carry the prefix length • Path evaluation • Extended Hello message format • Node advertise its GPS information with the extended Hello messages • Extended TC message format • Node advertise the distances to each neighbor New hello header format New TC message format

44. Policy Management Server • Bandwidth Evaluation based on information from OLSR daemon • Measure RTT value for each destination • Dynamic Policy based routing rule configuration

45. Implementation • OLSR Implementation • FreeBSD, NetBSD, Linux • Zebra-0.95-pre2 • Policy Management Server • Netbsd-1.6.2-Release • IPFilter

46. Evaluation • Validate the path switch function on automobile networks • Bandwidth Priority Application • Wireless Devices for MANET has 3000M transmission range • Inernet Communication via emulated CDMA 1X EVDO link • Emulate the automobile drive environment with HAKONIWA • HAKONIWA • Automobile environment simulation application • Simulation with several tens of thousands of automobiles • Each automobile manage its own drive information • Simulators • Traffic flow simulator • Automobile sensor simulator • Weather simulator • We utilize the GPS sensor information

47. Evaluation Environment Internet Default gateway Hakoniwa server Infrastructure Network (Fixed Bandwidth) 2001:6::2 2001:7::2 carid: 3 2001:3::1 carid: 4 2001:4::1 Dummynet Bridge Ad-Hoc Network (Variable Bandwidth)

48. Evaluation- Without Policy Based Routing -

49. Evaluation- With Policy Based Routing -

50. Conclusion • Multi-path selection architecture between NEMO and MANET • path quality evaluation using routing protocol messaging • Dynamic policy-based routing architecture • Evaluation environment with the HAKONIWA automobile environment emulator • Enable to test the implementations before large scale field trials