Research methods

1. Research methods AP Psychology Rowland High School

2. Research Methods • The need for psychological science • The limits of human intuition • Intuition - something known or believed instinctively, without actual evidence for it (ordered share)

3. Research Methods • The need for psychological science • The limits of human intuition • Hindsight bias – the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (ordered share)

4. Hindsight Bias

5. Hindsight Bias

8. Research Methods • The Need for Psychological Science • The limits of human intuition • Hindsight bias • Overconfidence phenomenon (group discussion)

9. Research Methods • The Need for Psychological Science • The limits of human intuition • Hindsight bias • Overconfidence phenomenon • Confirmation bias

10. Research Methods • Directions: Create a bubble map describing qualities of a good scientist.

11. Research Methods • The Scientific Attitude • Curious eagerness • Skeptically scrutinize competing ideas • Open-minded humility before nature

12. Research Methods • Directions: Create a circle map describing qualities of a good scientist. What quality is most important for a scientist? Explain why.

13. Research Methods • The Scientific method – a five-step process for empirical investigation of a hypothesis under conditions designed to control biases and subjective judgments. • Empirical investigation - an approach to research that relies on sensory • Theory – a testable explanation for a set of facts or observations.

14. Research Methods • The Scientific Method • Developing a hypothesis • Performing a controlled test • Gathering objective data • Analyzing the results • Publishing, criticizing, and replicating the results

15. Research Methods

16. Research Methods • Opening Activity: Which of the following ideas did you experience in the card activity? Explain. • The limits of human intuition • Hindsight bias • Overconfidence phenomenon • Confirmation bias

17. Research Methods • Types of Psychological Research • Experimental method • Hypothesis (if x, then y) • Operational definitions • Independent variable (stimuli) • Random presentation • Dependent variable (participants responses) • Confounding or extraneous variables • Control group • Random assignment

18. Research Methods • Types of Psychological Research • Experimental method • Example - Therapeutic Touch Therapy

19. Research Methods • Types of Psychological Research • Experimental method (continued) • Blind procedure • Double-blind procedure • Placebo effect

20. Research Methods • Summarize: Write a 4-5 sentence summary of what you learned yesterday in class about the experimental method. Be prepared to share your summary.

21. Research Methods • Presentation Topics: • Non-experimental (ex post facto) • Correlation studies • Survey • Naturalistic study • Longitudinal /cross-sectional/cohort-sequential study • Personal and expectancy bias • Ethics in research (IRB & IACUC) • Deception in research • Animal studies

22. Research Methods • Presentation Rubric: • The information is organized (think PowerPoint slide) • Everyone contributes to the poster • Everyone has a speaking role in the presentation • At least one example not from the textbook or handout

23. Research Methods • Presentation Topics: • Non-experimental (ex post facto) • Correlation studies • Survey • Naturalistic study • Longitudinal /cross-sectional/cohort-sequential study • Personal and expectancy bias • Ethics in research (IRB & IACUC) • Deception in research • Animal studies

24. Research Methods • Non-Experimental (ex post facto) • Correlation Studies • Correlation helps predict • Does not imply cause and effect

25. Correlation

26. Correlation

27. Correlation

28. Research Methods • Non-Experimental (ex post facto) • Correlation Studies • Survey (video clip) • Naturalistic study • Describes behavior • Does not explain behavior

29. Research Methods

30. Research Methods • Non-Experimental (ex post facto) • Correlation Studies • Survey (video clip) • Naturalistic study • Longitudinal /cross-sectional/cohort-sequential study • Case study • Suggest further study • Cannot discern general truths

31. Research Methods • Personal and expectancy bias • Ethics in research (IRB & IACUC) • Informed Consent • Debrief • Deception in research • Animal studies

32. Research Methods • Correlation • How well does A predict B? • What is the relationship between A and B? • Positive versus negative correlation • Strength of the correlation coefficient • -1.0 to +1.0 • Scatterplot

33. Comparing Research Methods

34. Opening Activity • Summarize: Write a 4-5 sentence summary of what you learned about research methods from the class presentations. Be prepared to share your summary.

35. Correlation

36. Correlation

37. Correlation

38. Correlation

39. Research Methods • Two Types of Statistics • Descriptive • Inferential

40. Research Methods • Descriptive Statistics • Frequency distribution • Histogram

41. Research Methods • Measures of Central Tendency • Mode (occurs the most) • Mean (arithmetic average) • Median (middle score) • Range (highest score – lowest score)

42. Research Methods • Descriptive Statistics • Frequency distribution • Histogram

43. Normal Curve

44. Research Methods • Measures of Central Tendency • Mode (occurs the most) • Mean (arithmetic average) • Median (middle score)

45. Research Methods • Measures of Variability • Range • Standard deviation • Inferential Statistics • Representative sample • Significant difference • t test • p < .o5