The Colonial Economy and the Colonial Wars

1. The Colonial Economy and the Colonial Wars

2. Summary . . . • Two different cultural centers: • New England • Chesapeake Bay • Broad participation in government. • Basic concept of “English liberties.” • Little or no tolerance. • Conditions improve in the South. • Conditions appear to deteriorate in New England.

4. The Imperial Economic System

5. Basic principles . . . • No understanding of modern capitalism. • “Fair price.” • Government supported (dictated) monopolies. • Major elements of the colonial economy: • agriculture • commerce • limited manufacturing • rum • ships

6. The “Triangle Trade”

7. The “Triangle Trade” Timber Skins Rum Fish Food Tobacco Manufactured Goods Naval stores Rice Deer hides Sugar Molasses Slaves

8. Closed Economic Systems

9. The “Colonial Wars” French Indians Indians English • Spanish Indians

10. English colonial military organization • English colonies in North America primarily civilian. • Mercenary military advisors. • Miles Standish • John Smith • Settlers bring traditional concept of militia • Universal military obligation, 16-60. • Settlers also bring fear of standing army.

11. The “American Way of War”English vs. Indians • “Civilization” vs. “Savagery” • English colonists in North America: • Highly ethnocentric • A long way from England • A naturally violent society (Thirty Years’ War) • Defeat = annihilation • Pequot War a good example.

12. The “American Way of War”English vs. Indians • Technology actually not that important. • Bows more accurate and dependable • Firearms only more impressive • Key factors: • Objective (annihilation) • Coordination • Discipline • Use of Indian allies • Economic domination of Indian culture

13. King William’s War Queen Anne’s War King George’s War French and Indian War War of the League of Augsburg War of the Spanish Succession War of the Austrian Succession Seven Years’ War The “Colonial Wars”

15. Crown Point French, 1730’s-1759 British, 1759-1773 Ticonderoga French, 1755-1759 British, 1759-1775 US, 1775-1777 British, 1777-1779 Albany New York City

16. Crown Point French, 1730’s-1759 British, 1759-1773 French Iroquois Confederation Ticonderoga French, 1755-1759 British, 1759-1775 US, 1775-1777 British, 1777-1779 Albany New York City

17. Crown Point French, 1730’s-1759 British, 1759-1773 French Iroquois Confederation Ticonderoga French, 1755-1759 British, 1759-1775 US, 1775-1777 British, 1777-1779 Albany New York City

18. Characteristics of Colonial military service and operations: • Few British Regulars in the colonies • Militia used primarily for immediate local defense (frontier). • Wartime operations conducted by: • Deployed Regular forces • Colonial volunteers • Indians allies

19. British Command Colonial Volunteers Indians Regulars Militia

20. British Command Militia

24. What Americans “learned” . . . • Military service = $$ • British soldiers are scum • British officers are stupid and arrogant • American ways of fighting are superior • American-British military contact sows seeds of rebellion. • Militia an important concept, but others fight.

25. Seven Years’ Waraka: “French and Indian War”“The Great War for Empire” • Starts in North America instead of Europe. • Virginia opposition to French presence in Ohio Valley. • Major George Washington sent to warn French off.

26. “Braddock’s Defeat” Fort Duquesne Virginia

27. “Braddock’s Defeat” French Advance Guard Main Body British

28. “Braddock’s Defeat” French Advance Guard Main Body British

29. “Braddock’s Defeat” French Advance Guard Main Body British

30. “Braddock’s Defeat” duh ?

31. “Braddock’s Defeat” duh ?

32. “Braddock’s Defeat”

33. “Braddock’s Defeat” “Oh, @#$%^!!”

34. “Braddock’s Defeat”

35. “Braddock’s Defeat”

36. “Braddock’s Defeat” Remnants of Advance Guard Main Body

37. “Braddock’s Defeat” “???”

38. “Braddock’s Defeat” “Oh, @#$%^!!!”

41. Lessons of “Braddock’s Defeat” • American colonials: British are stupid. • They don’t understand how to fight here. • In reality: Tactical mistake by commander of the advanced guard.

42. The Seven Years’ War • Fought in Europe as well as North America. • Same as previous wars . . . • . . . except Britain not doing too well . . . • until William Pitt become Prime Minister. • understand this is a war for empire, • raises more $$$, • focus shifts to North America.

44. What Americans “learned” . . . • Military service = $$ • British soldiers are scum • British officers are stupid and arrogant • American ways of fighting are superior • American-British military contact sows seeds of rebellion. • Militia an important concept, but others fight. These “military” lessons will morph into social and political lessons.