Imperial Wars and Colonial Protests

1. APUSH Imperial Wars and Colonial Protests

2. French and Indian War • Was known as “Seven Years War” in Europe. • Began with battle at Fort Duquesne. • Colonel George Washington and his Virginia militia surrendered to the French. • French aided greatly by their Native American allies, the Algonquians. • War goes badly for the British during the first few years.

3. Albany Plan of Union • British government asked colonies to meet and set up a plan for colonial defense • Benjamin Franklin developed a plan that established a colonial government and created a system for collecting taxes and recruiting troops • Plan was only adopted by 7 colonies so it never took effect • Important because it was the first attempt to unite the colonies

4. Political Cartoon

5. British Victory • William Pitt, the new British Prime Minister, concentrated on capturing Canada • Pitt’s plan was successful • Treaty of Paris in 1763 officially ended the war • Great Britain now had unchallenged supremacy in North America • The British attitudes toward the colonies will also change

6. Points of View • British thought the colonies were weak and had not offered to help enough during the war • They feared the colonies would not protect all of Britain’s new territory • The Americans thought they had performed well during the war • They thought the British were foolish for fighting in the traditional way in the wilderness

7. British tighten control • Britain will no longer allow the Americans so much freedom • Send more troops to protect the American territories • Sends British troops to deal with Pontiac’s Rebellion instead of the colonies • Britain begins to enforce more laws and tighten the grip on the American colonies • Britain also looks to the colonies to help pay for the war

8. Proclamation of 1763 • Purpose was the stabilize the western front • Britain tells colonists they are not allowed to settle west of the Appalachians • Trying to reduce tensions between colonists and Native Americans • Americans were angry and moved west anyway • First action of the British that was met with anger and resistance from the colonists

9. Proclamation of 1763

10. Crisis in the colonies • Each of the following alarmed Americans because they feared the British were threatening their cherished liberties and their long-standing tradition of self-government • Sugar Act 1764 • Quartering Act 1765 • Stamp Act 1765: resulted in the Stamp Act Congress, Sons and Daughters of Liberty, and “no taxation without representation”

11. Stamp Act

12. Crisis in the colonies • Declaratory Act 1766: Repeals Stamp Act but reinforces Parliaments control of the colonies • Townshend Acts 1767: Taxed imported goods, also allowed searches of homes with just writs of assistance, repealed in 1770 • Boston Massacre 1770: scuffle between Bostonians and British troops ended with soldiers killing 5

13. Committees of Correpsondence • Relative peace between 1770-1772 • Colonists continued to distrust British • Samuel Adams created a network of colonists that kept each other informed on British activities through letters • These committees discussed events such as The Gaspee

14. Boston Tea Party • Protest in response to the Tea Act • Colonists dressed as Native Americans dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor in Dec 1773 • Colonial reactions were mixed although most supported the protest • Britain passed the Coercive Acts 1774 as punishment

15. Intolerable Acts • Coercive Acts were called the Intolerable Acts by Americans • Boston Harbor was closed, no trade allowed • MA legislature was reduced and royal governor’s power was increased • Officials could be tried in England • Expanded the Quartering Act

16. Quebec Act • Quebec Act 1774 organized lands in Canada • Established Roman Catholicism as official religion in Canada • Did not allow Canada a representative assembly • Extended Quebec’s boundary to Ohio River • Americans feared the British would try to enact these types of measures in the colonies as well

17. Effects of the Enlightenment • Celebrated human reason • John Locke’s “natural rights” were supported in the colonies • Locke said every had rights, the gov’t got its power from the people, and citizens could overthrow the gov’t if it didn’t work • Focused on science, reason, and respect for humanity • Influenced Jefferson, Franklin, Washington, and Adams