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Basic Reference Skills

Basic Reference Skills. Basic Reference Skills. Comparing Circulation to Reference Types of Questions Types of Resources Reference Interview Referrals Learning Styles. Time is of the essence Little interaction with customer Predictable Set procedures as determined by the “library”

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Basic Reference Skills

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  1. Basic Reference Skills

  2. Basic Reference Skills • Comparing Circulation to Reference • Types of Questions • Types of Resources • Reference Interview • Referrals • Learning Styles

  3. Time is of the essence Little interaction with customer Predictable Set procedures as determined by the “library” Computer alerts you to special circumstances Take your time Lot’s of interaction with customer Unpredictable Flexible or no procedures; customer “drives” the transaction Subtle or no clues when you’re going in the wrong direction Circulation vs. Reference

  4. Types of Reference Questions • Known Items • Research Paper or Bibliography • Treasure Hunts

  5. Known Items Examples of Questions • Do you have?Multidisciplinary perspectives on aging by Tepper and Cassidy • Where do I find this?Faulkner, Mark; Davies, Sue; Nolan, Mike; Brown-Wilson, Christine. Development of the combined assessment of residential environments (CARE) profiles. J. Adv. Nursing 55(6):664-677

  6. Whole Books Author(s) Title of the Book Edition* Place of Publication Publisher Date Pages* Chapter within Edited Book Author(s) of Chapter Title of the Chapter* Editor(s) Title of the Book Edition* Chapter* Place of Publication Publisher Date Pages Known Items: BooksCitation Components

  7. Known Items: Book CitationsExamples: Whole Book • Baxter, C. (1997). Race equality in health care and education. Philadelphia: Ballière Tindall. • C. Baxter, Race equality in health care and education (Philadelphia: Balliere Tindal, 1997) • Baxter, C. Race Equality in Health Care and Education; Balliere Tindal: Philadelphia, 1997.

  8. Known Items: Book CitationsExamples: Book Chapter • Roy, A. (1995). Psychiatric emergencies. In H. I. Kaplan & B. J. Sadock (Eds.), Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. (6th ed., pp. 1739-1752). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. • A. Roy, “Psychiatric emergencies,” InComprehensive textbook of psychiatry, ed.H. I. Kaplan and B. J. Sadock, 6th ed. (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995), 1739. • Roy, A. Psychiatric Emergencies. InComprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 6th ed; Kaplan, H. I., Sadock, B. J., Ed.; Williams & Wilkins: Baltimore, 1995: pp. 1739-1742. • Roy, A. InComprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 6th ed; Kaplan, H. I., Sadock, B. J., Ed.; Williams & Wilkins: Baltimore, 1995: pp. 1739-1742.

  9. Known Items: Books Where to look • Use: • Catalog • Google Books (mainly pre-1925) • The Web (recent Gov Docs) • If found: • Direct to appropriate library, floor, location using maps if necessary • Assist with appropriate doc del service • If not found, verify using WorldCat and/or the Web • If citation was incorrect, return to sources • If citation was correct, assist with ILL

  10. Known Items: Journal ArticlesCitation Components • Author(s) • Title of the Article* • Title of the Journal • Date • Volume • Issue* • Pages

  11. Known Items: Journal ArticlesCitation ExamplesConsecutive numbering throughout volume • Roy, A. (1982). Suicide in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 171-177. • A. Roy, “Suicide in Chronic Schizophrenia,” British Journal of Psychiatry 141 (1982): 171 • Roy, A. British Journal of Psychiatry1982, 141, 171-177.

  12. Known Items: Journal ArticlesCitation ExamplesRenumbers with each issue • Baldwin, C. M., Bevan, C., & Beshalske, A. (2000). At-risk minority populations in a church-based clinic: Communicating basic needs. Journal of Multicultural Nursing & Health, 6(2), 26-28. • C. M. Baldwin, C. Bevan and A. Beshalske, “At-risk Minority Populations in a Church-based Clinic: Communicating basic needs,” Journal of Multicultural Nursing & Health 6 (February 2000): 26. • Baldwin, C. M.; Bevan, C.; Beshalske, A. Journal of Multicultural Nursing & Health 2000, 6 (2), 26-28.

  13. Known Items: Journal Articles Where to look • Abbreviated journal title: • Citation Linker (change title to “contains”) • WorldCat (keyword) • Full journal title: • Citation Linker • E-journal list/Catalog • Journal ‘s home page • If found: • Assist with electronic access • Direct to appropriate library, floor, location using maps if necessary • Assist with appropriate doc del service • If not found, verify using appropriate index/abstracts or the Web • If citation was incorrect, return to Citation Linker or E-journal list/Catalog • If citation was correct, assist with ILL

  14. Known ItemsCitations for other material Contact Noble Reference Desk for: • Conference Proceedings not found in Catalog • Patents • Society publications: • ASTM STP (American Society for Testing and Materials, Special Technical Publications) • MRS (Material Research Society) Symposia • SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) Papers and Transactions • Standards • Technical Reports (US and Arizona agencies, see Gov Docs)

  15. Known ItemsCitations for other material Contact Hayden Reference Desk for: • Humanities, Business, Social Sciences, Education • Gov Docs* Contact Architecture Library for: • Applied Arts • Interior and Industrial Design • Landscaping • Urban planning Contact Music Library for: • Music (!)

  16. And remember to useAsk a Librarian!

  17. Exercises Find these items: • Shakespeare, T (2003) ‘Rights, risks and responsibilities: new genetics and disabled people’ in S. Williams, L.Birke and G. Bendelow, Debating Biology: sociological reflections on health, medicine and society, London: Routledege. • Moreno J, Berger S. Taking stem cells seriously. Am J Bioeth. 2006 Sep-Oct; 6(5):6-7 • Susanne C, Casado M, Buxo MJ What challenges offers nanotechnology to bioethics? Law Hum Genome Rev. (22) 27-45 Jan-Jun 2005.

  18. Types of Reference Questions • Known Items • Research Paper or Bibliography • Write a paper • Find scholarly books and/or journal articles • Treasure Hunts

  19. Research Paper or Bibliography Examples • I have to write a paper on public policy and nurses; where do I find books and articles? • I have to find 5 scholarly articles on gerontological nursing.

  20. Research Paper or Bibliography Where to Look for Books Use Catalog: • Keyword search for topic as described by customer • Subject Headings Search: • When keyword is too inefficient • Obtain subject headings from appropriate records found in keyword search

  21. Research Paper or Bibliography Where to Look for Journal Articles • Find -> Articles -> Specific Subject • Nursing • Public Administration and Affairs • Social Work • Best I/A Services “Cheat Sheet” • Sci/Tech Best Indexes web page http://www.asu.edu/lib/noble/library/bestind.htm • Library Resources for Public Affairs web pagehttp://www.asu.edu/lib/hayden/ref/paf/LibResForPubAffs.htm • Health Sciences Information web pagehttp://www.asu.edu/lib/noble/health/

  22. Search Strategy • Divide the topic into concepts • Maximum of 3 concepts per search • For each concept find synonyms and subject heading(s) • If needed, do a search and view subject headings on appropriate records • Use truncation to account for word variants • If too many results: • Add another concept • Use only subject headings as search terms • If too few results: • Eliminate a concept • Broaden a concept • Use other/additional terminology • Look at the topic from the opposite direction

  23. Exercises • I need to find a few books at the Downtown Library about New Urbanism. • How about journal articles? The instructor says they need to be peer-reviewed.

  24. Types of Reference Questions • Known Items • Research Paper or Bibliography • Treasure Hunts

  25. Treasure HuntsExamples • Topics: • How is gasoline made? • What are the pros and cons of nuclear power? • Facts & Numbers: • How many SUVs were sold in Arizona in 2004? • When did Albert Einstein die? • What are the symptoms of Meniere’s disease?

  26. Treasure Hunts Determine: • The subject area Not sure? • Ask the customer! • Use Google to “define” • The type of resource that most likely would have that kind of information

  27. Almanacs Biographies Books Dictionaries Directories Encyclopedias Handbooks, Manuals Journal Articles Statistical compilations The Web Treasure HuntsType of Resources

  28. Treasure HuntsTypes of Resources The research sequence for topics: • Dictionary • General Encyclopedia • Subject Encyclopedia • Book • Journal Article

  29. Treasure HuntsTypes of Resources HOW MUCH information is needed on the topic? • Dictionary – one or two lines of description • General Encyclopedia – a summary of several paragraphs or pages • Subject Encyclopedia – a summary of many pages • Book – in-depth treatment • Journal Article – in-depth (and/or current) treatment of a narrow aspect

  30. Treasure HuntsTypes of Resources • Dictionaries Provide one or two lines of description • GoogleDefine: gasoline • Catalog Keyword search for broad subject chemistry and dictionaries

  31. Treasure HuntsTypes of Resources • Dictionaries • General EncyclopediasProvide a summary of several paragraphs or pages • Encyclopedia Britannica (online)

  32. Treasure HuntsTypes of Resources • Dictionaries • General Encyclopedias • Subject EncyclopediasProvide a summary of many pages • Be familiar with the major encyclopedias in DPC program areas, especially those online • Catalog keyword search for broad subjects chemistry and encyclopedia*

  33. Treasure HuntsTypes of Resources • Dictionaries • General Encyclopedias • Subject Encyclopedias • BooksProvide in-depth treatment • Catalog Keyword Searchgasoline • Apply same search strategies as under “Research Paper or Bibliography”

  34. Treasure HuntsTypes of Resources • Dictionaries • General Encyclopedia • Subject Encyclopedias • Books • Journal ArticlesProvidein-depth (and/or current) treatment of a narrow aspect • Use the same tools and search strategies as under “Research Paper or Bibliography” • Be familiar with the major indexing/abstracting services in DPC program areas

  35. Treasure HuntsTypes of Resources Data or specific pieces of information can be found in • Almanacs • Biographies • Directories • Handbooks, Manuals • Statistical Compilations • The Web

  36. Treasure Hunts Types of Resources • Almanacs Provide a quick way to find facts via the use of “lists” (prize winners, state population counts, cities where the Olympics have been held, etc.) • World Almanac and Book of FactsAY 67 .W7 • Google the question

  37. Treasure Hunts Types of Resources • Almanacs • BiographiesProvide information about people - their lives and their work • Find -> Articles -> Biography (Specific Subjects)(Find -> All Types of Material -> Biography) • “Biographical Information” pagehttp://www.asu.edu/lib/noble/scirefrm/biogra.htm • Catalog • Subject langmuir irving • Subject chemists biography • Google the person

  38. Treasure Hunts Types of Resources • Almanacs • Biographies • DirectoriesProvide contact information, such as addresses • Google It! • Catalog: • Keyword and/or subject search for topicchemistry and directories chemistry directories

  39. Treasure HuntsTypes of Resources • Almanacs • Biographies • Directories • Handbooks or ManualsProvide facts, formulas and numerical data (properties) • Be familiar with the major handbooks in DPC program areas • Knovel (engineering, biotech, chemistry, food sci/tech) • Stat!Ref (health, medicine, nursing) • Catalog: • Keyword search for topicgasoline and handbooks • Keyword and/or subject search for broader subjectchemistry and handbooks chemistry handbooks • Google It

  40. Treasure HuntsTypes of Resources • Almanacs • Biographies • Directories • Handbooks or Manuals • Statistical CompilationsProvide numerical data and/or counts • Answers the “How many …” questions • Statistical Abstract of the U.S. • HA 202 .A388 • http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/ • Lexis/Nexis Statistical

  41. Treasure HuntsTypes of Resources • Almanacs • Biographies • Directories • Handbooks or Manuals • Statistical Compilations • The WebForall subjects! • Use liberally but evaluate results for authority • Know and use Google’s advanced search features

  42. “Phrases” OR ~Synonyms +Include -Eliminate * Near Limits: Date Language Field Site Numerical range Define: Spell Check Calculator Scholar Books Images News Catalogs Earth Google Search Features

  43. Alamanac Lists Olympic cities Population of the States Prize winners Biography People Directories Contact info addresses Handbook, Manual Facts Formulas Numerical data properties Statistical Compilation Numerical data how many? The Web Everything! Treasure HuntsTypes of Resources

  44. Exercises In what type of resource would you expect to find the answers to the following questions? • What treatments are used for ADHD? • What are the pros and cons of nuclear power? • How many SUVs were sold in Arizona in 2004? • When did Albert Einstein die? • What are the symptoms of Meniere’s disease?

  45. Common Miscommunications • Generalized the question • Made an incorrect assumption about library resources • Used inadequate or inaccurate terminology • Doesn’t understand the assignment

  46. Common MiscommunicationsGeneralizations “Where are the books on aging?” • Could mean: • Do you have “Multidisciplinary perspectives” on aging by Tepper and Cassidy? • I need to find a recent books on gerontological nursing • How many senior citizens are there in Arizona? • What are the symptoms of Alzheimer’s? You need to know: • Do they have a title for a specific book? • Are they trying to browse the shelves when they should be using the Catalog? • Are they looking for specific data/information?

  47. Common MiscommunicationsGeneralizations “Where is the Journal of Advances in Nursing?” • Could mean: • Where do I find “Faulkner, Mark; Davies, Sue; Nolan, Mike; Brown-Wilson, Christine. Development of the combined assessment of residential environments (CARE) profiles. J. Adv. Nursing 55(6):664-677” Actual journal title: Journal of Advanced Nursing • How do I find 5 scholarly articles on current trends in nursing? You need to know: • Do they have a citation to a specific article(s)? • Have they guessed what a journal title abbreviation stands for? • Are they trying to browse a journal when they should be using an indexing/abstracting service?

  48. Common MiscommunicationsGeneralizations I want to know about Albert Einstein • Could mean: • When did Albert Einstein die? • What was the name of Albert Einstein’s wife? You need to know: • How much information do they need – a whole book or just a few paragraphs or pages? • Are they looking for a specific piece of information rather than the whole story of someone’s life

  49. Common MiscommunicationsIncorrect Assumptions I need a good book about gasoline • Could mean: • How is gasoline made? Depending on what they need, one of our chemistry encyclopedias might be a better fit than a book You need to know: • How much do they need – at what depth - a couple of paragraphs or several books? • At what level - high school – undergraduate – professional?

  50. Common MisommunicationsIncorrect Assumptions How do I get to PubMed? • Could mean: • What are the symptoms of Meniere’s Disease? • I need 5 scholarly articles on aquaculture in Arizona You can Google Meniere’s and get authoritative sources much quicker than finding journal articles on the topic; also journal articles may be too narrow – a medical textbook would be more appropriate Customers tend to return to the same database they used previously without regard to the resource’s coverage You need to know: • Why they want to use that resource • What topic are they researching?

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