Chp.01: Principles of Government

1. p. 01 In this space, you will create a visual representation of what you have learned in the notes that follow on pages 02-09. You will be graded on your use of space, color and perceived effort – not on artistic ability. Chp.01: Principles of Government

2. Students Will Be Able To: a. define government and the state b. classify governments according to three sets of characteristics c. understand the concepts and foundations of democracy Objectivesp. 02

3. . All states have the same four characteristics. • 2. Concepts of democracy define and shape the meaning of citizenship. • 3. Governments come in many different forms Essential Understandings p. 02

4. What four characteristics make up a state? • What concepts define the meaning of democracy as expressed in the United States constitutional system? • What three questions help classify governments? Essential Questionsp. 02

5. Section 1: Government and the State 1. 1)Government - the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies 2. 2)Public Policies - those things a government decides to do 3. Three kinds of power a. 3)legislative power - the power to make laws and to frame public policies b. 4)executive power - the power to execute, enforce, and administer law c. 5)judicial power - the power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning and to settle disputes 4. 6)Constitution - the body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures and processes of a government 5. the purpose of our government can be found in the Preamble to the US Constitution • 7)Politics - the process by which a society decides how power and resources will be • distributed within that society What is Government p. 03

6. Capitol Building in D.C.

7. Legislative Branch

8. Executive Branch

9. Judicial Branch

10. U.S. Constitution

11. Section 1: Government and the State 1. 8)Population– a state must have people a. Vatican is the least populated state - less than a 1,000 people b. 9)China is the world's most populous state - 1.3 billion people c. United States is 10)third most populous state - 305 million people 2. 11)Territory – recognized boundaries a. Vatican is the smallest state - less than a quarter of a square mile b. 12)Russia( is the world's largest state - 6.6 million square miles c. United States has 3,787,425 square miles (13)third largest in the world) • 14)Sovereignty –a has supreme and absolute power within its own territory and can decide its • own foreign and domestic policies a. the only characteristic that distinguishes a state from a lesser political unit 4. 15)Government –necessary to avoid chaos and confusion The Four Characteristics of the State p. 03

12. Population

13. Territory

14. Government

15. Questions Is Broad Run High School a state? Is Virginia a state?

16. Section 1: Government and the State • 16)ForceTheory – when a person or group of people claim control of an area and force the people in • that area to their rule 2. 17)Evolutionary Theory – developed naturally out of the family 3. 18)Divine Right Theory – the right to rule came directly from God's consent • 19)Social Contract Theory – people give up rights to the government for certain services; a voluntary act • of free people a. 20)Thomas Hobbes- claimed without authority there is chaos; people 21)do not have the right to break the agreement; believed the best form of government was a 22)monarchy b. 23)John Locke- people are born with 24)natural rights; the people 25)havethe right to overthrow an unjust government Four Theories of the Origin of the State p. 03

17. Force Theory

18. Evolutionary Theory

19. Divine Right Theory

20. Thomas Hobbes

21. John Locke

22. Section 2: Forms of Government – Who Can Participate? 1. the 26)people hold the sovereign power a. 27)Abraham Lincoln - "government of the people, by the people, for the people" 2. 28)direct democracy a. will of the people is made into public policy directly by the people themselves in mass meetings b. can only work in small communities 3. 29)indirect democracy (representative) a. the people elect representatives and give them the power to conduct the daily activities of government and make laws b. representatives are responsible to the people and are held accountable for their conduct at periodic elections 4. 30)republic – the people hold sovereign power Democracy p. 05

23. Abraham Lincoln

24. Town Hall Meeting

25. Indirect Democracy

26. What kind of democracy does the US have?Why can’t we have a direct democracy?

27. Section 2: Forms of Government – Who Can Participate? 1. those who rule are not held responsible to the will of the people - 31)authoritarian 2. 32)autocracy - rule by one a. only a few in existence today - Libya, Saudi Arabia 3. 33)oligarchy - power is held by a small, usually self-appointed elite 4. most dictatorial regimes are militaristic 5. some dictatorships will hold elections that are closely monitored with candidates from only one political party 6. an elected legislature may exist, but it is controlled by the dictator Dictatorship p. 05

28. Section 2: Forms of Government – What is the Geographic Distribution of Power? 1. all power rests with the national government (34)most governments in the world) 2. could be a democracy - like 35)Great Britain 3. local governments may exist, but the national government could dismiss them at any time Unitary Government p. 05

29. Section 2: Forms of Government – What is the Geographic Distribution of Power? 1. power is divided between the 36)national and 37)local levels a. cannot be changed by the local or national governments acting alone 2. there are only about 25-30 states with this type of government a. 38)United States, Canada and Mexico are examples b. the US National Government is centered in Washington D.C., but each of the 50 states has their own government that cannot be dismissed at the national level Federal Government p. 05

30. Section 2: Forms of Government – What is the Geographic Distribution of Power? 1. an alliance of states in which the confederate government handles issues that the member states assigns it 2. allows different states to cooperate yet maintain their own identities 3. the 39)European Union is the closest example of a confederacy today Confederate Government p. 07

31. Section 2: Forms of Government – What is the Relationship Between Legislative and Executive Branches? • the legislative (makes the laws) and executive (enforces the laws) branches are • independent and coequal to one another a. 40)voters(p.15) choose who is in the legislative branch b. 41)voters(p.15) choose who is in the executive branch and the chief executive 2. the two branches have powers that can block each other 3. the U.S. is the leading example Presidential Government p. 07

32. Section 2: Forms of Government – What is the Relationship Between Legislative and Executive Branches? 1. the chief executive (prime minister or premier) and his cabinet are part of the legislative branch a. 42)voters choose the legislative branch (parliament) b. 43)parliament chooses the chief executive and his cabinet (often called "the government" and are from the majority party) 2. if the parliament defeats the prime minister and his cabinet on an important issue, the government may receive a "vote of no confidence" a. usually all seats in parliament go before the voters in a general election 3. avoids deadlock between the executive and legislative, but there is no system of checks and balances 4. 44)majority of governments in the world are parliamentary governments a. Britain, Canada, Japan Parliamentary Government p. 07

33. Section 3: Basic Concepts of Democracy 1. 45)Worth of the Individual a. often we are required to do things we don't want to for the good of the many b. but the many are the individuals that make up a society 2. 46)Equality of All Persons a. "all men are created equal" b. equality of 47)opportunity c. equality before the law d. no person should be held back because of race, color, religion, or gender Foundations p. 07

34. Section 3: Basic Concepts of Democracy 3. 48)Majority Rule, Minority Rights a. democracy argues that a majority of the people will be right more often than they'll be wrong b. they don't always come up with the "best" or "right" answers, but will at least come up with a satisfactory answer c. a majority can crush its opposition, so it is restrained by the minority's rights; there are certain rights that can never be taken away d. the majority needs to recognize the right of any minority to become the new majority Foundations …continued p. 09

35. Section 3: Basic Concepts of Democracy • 4. 49)Necessity of Compromise • a. democracy insists that everyone is equal • b. with a society that is made up of many different opinions and interests, how can the people make public decisions without compromise? • c. most public questions can be answered several different ways • 5. 50)Individual Freedom • a. cannot have absolute freedoms • b. "The right to swing my fist ends where the other man's nose begins." • - Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes • c. need to find a balance between freedoms of the individual and the rights of society Foundations …continued p. 09

36. Compromise

37. Section 3: Basic Concepts of Democracy 1. How the System Works a. 51)free enterprise - characterized by the private ownership of capital goods, investments made by private decision, and success or failure determined by competition in the market place b. free enterprise = capitalism c. law of 52)supply and demand – if the people demand something, the manufacturers will produce it 2. Government and the Free Enterprise System a. 53)mixed economy - an economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and promotion b. protect the public and to preserve private enterprise 3. Democracy and the Internet a. can be a useful tool b. information is not regulated Democracy and the Free Enterprise System p. 09

38. Toyota San Diego Ford Escape Hybrid Honda Civic Hybrid GMC Tahoe Hybrid

39. How is the United States government involved in the economy?