Research: English 11

1. Research: English 11 3-5 Pages (not including works cited page) Double-spaced Due: March 23, 2012, 2:50 Note: PowerPoint is currently in progress. It will get you through the first several days of research, however. Latest Update: March 14, 9:30 pm

2. Determining and Refining Your Topic Read over the task (what the research needs to be about). Choose a topic that seems interesting to you.

3. Determining and Refining Your Topic You will need narrow your topic into a workable research question. First, look up your topic on one or more of the encyclopedia sites available through the school’s subscription services (Encyclopedia Britannica or Gale Virtual Reference Library). This will help you gain some general information on your topic and help you to narrow it down to something manageable. Print out these articles. Make sure that you print the citation information. You can use these articles in your paper!

4. Determining and Refining Your Topic Read the article(s). Create a research question. Write it on the Keyword Chart. Here are some examples: • What was the purpose of FDR’s New Deal, what were some examples of its programs, and how might it help us determine what to do in today’s economic crisis? • How did Eleanor Roosevelt influence the women of her time, and how is influence still relevant today?

5. Determining and Refining Your Topic Once you’ve narrowed your topic into a manageable question, it is time to create a keyword chart that will help you to identify workable search terms. Look at this example. Complete your own chart. (The next few slides can help you).

6. Determining and Refining Your Topic To complete the Keyword Chart: Identify up to three major concepts (ideas or subtopics) that you would like to investigate regarding your topic. Put them on the lines on your Keyword chart that look like the lines below: 2. Identify up to 3 key concepts in your search question.   ___________ ____________ __________

7. Determining and Refining Your Topic Put your three key concepts across the first row of the keyword chart. Then fill in the rest of the chart with synonyms. (See example chart). Use a thesaurus if you need help! Key Concept Key Concept Key Concept Synonym Synonym Synonym Synonym Synonym Synonym Synonym Synonym Synonym

8. Determining and Refining Your Topic Before you move on be sure that you have: _____chosen a topic _____created a research question (keyword chart) _____decided on search terms (keyword chart) _____discussed your chart with Mrs. Nannen

9. Locating Sources Identify possible sources of information. Sources should include: • At least 1 book • At least 1 non-encyclopedia-type article from one of the library’s subscription databases • At least 1 encyclopedia article from one of the library’s subscription databases • No more than 1 general Internet site (i.e. something from a Google search). You will want to locate more sources that what you need. Not all of the sources you find will be helpful.

10. Locating Sources Locating appropriate sources of information is a circular process. In other words, you will go through several steps in the process, then go back and do them over for another source. You will want to: • Find a good source • Make photocopies (if a book) • Create a source card • Read the information thoroughly and take good notes • Go through the process again for another source

11. Locating Sources: Books You should already have an encyclopedia article from one of the library’s subscription databases. Now it is time to look for a book source. • Go to OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog). • Use the search terms on your keyword chart to locate a book that may contain information on the topic. This may take several searches! • Use the call number to locate the book on the library shelf.

12. Locating Sources: Books Once you have found a book with a good section of information: • Scan the table of contents and index to help you find information quickly. • Make a photocopy of the information you want to use. • Make a photocopy of the FRONT and BACK of the title page. • Create a source card. • Read the information thoroughly and take notes on 3 x 5 note cards.

13. Sample Source Card Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: Bantam Books, 1981. Print. Source #1 Make sure to write the source number on the top right corner of the card. Each source will have a different number. All note cards from that same source will share that same number.

14. Sample Note Card SLUG (topic for the card) (source #) “A direct quote is the author’s thoughts in the author’s words.” OR A paraphrase sums up the author’s meaning, but is written in your own words. You still have to cite it. (Parenthetical Citation) Prohibition Definition (source 1) “A policy of legally forbidding the manufacture, transportation, sale, or consumption of alcoholic beverages except for medicinal or scientific purposes .” (Nishi 5)

15. Taking Notes Continue to locate sources and take notes until you have: • 1 book source • 2 subscription database articles • 1 general Internet site (from a Google search—be sure that it is reliable). • 30 note cards

16. Locating Sources: Databases If you haven’t already done so, you will now need to locate at least one more article from one of the library’s subscription databases. You should have one already from the first day of research. Use your keyword chart to identify helpful search terms. Use one of the databases from the list below. These are the same databases listed on the library’s web site.

17. Locating Sources: Databases When you find an article that looks promising, scan it over first. If it is truly helpful, print it out. You should print more than one. Make sure that you have printed the Works Cited information. In most cases, it will print out with the article, but in some cases, you will have to locate it separately. Finally, take notes like you did with the book source.

18. Locating Sources: Internet You will need to find one article on from the Web. You can do a Google search for this one, using the search terms on your keyword chart for help. Before you print out this article, be sure that you can trust it. (See the next slide).

19. Locating Sources: Internet When evaluating a Web resource, ask yourself: • Is the author credible? • Is the web site created and maintained by a reliable organization (i.e. university, respectable newspaper or magazine, government) • Is the web site biased in any way?

20. Locating Sources: Internet Once you have found a reliable Internet site, you can create a source card using the MLA style guide, and take notes on note cards as you did for books.

21. Locating Sources Before you move on be sure that you have: ___ located 1 encyclopedia-type article from the library’s databases and created a source card. ___ located 1 non-encyclopedia-type article from the library’s databases and created a source card. ___ located 1 book source, photocopied appropriate pages, and created a source card. ___ located 1 general Internet source, evaluated it for reliability, and created a source card

22. Locating Sources Before you move on, be sure that you have (cont). ___ read each article thoroughly ___ taken notes on note cards as directed ___ completed 30 or more note cards

23. Organizing Once you have all your note cards, sit down at a table with a lot of space and: • Arrange the cards by topic (the slug on the top of each note card) • Put all of the cards dealing with the same topic in one pile • Don’t worry about the order of the cards in each pile, yet. Just get an idea of how many topics you have for now.

24. Organizing • List the topics of all the different piles on scrap paper. • Ask yourself these questions: • Do I need to find more information? If so, what? • Is there anything I need to add that isn’t on note cards? • What do you still need to explain that isn’t represented in your note cards? • Make a list of what you need to add – by topic. Then go find that information!

25. Organizing • Now, take each pile of cards, and organize the cards in the pile into the order that should be presented in your paper. • On a blank card, write the topic of each pile, and place the card on top of that pile. • Put the piles of cards in the order that they should be presented in your paper. *HINT: at this point, number the cards from 1-30 (or more) in a color different from what you have already used. In the case that you drop your cards, this will be a huge help!

26. Organizing Before you move on, be sure that you have: ____ found all of the required types of sources (1 encyclopedia article from a database, 1 non-encyclopedia article from a database, 1 reliable Internet site, 1 book) ____ created source cards for each source ____ put the parenthetical citation at the bottom of each note card ____ put the source number on each note card ____ organized the cards in the order that you wish to present them in your paper

27. Outlining The next step is to complete a topic outline. The purpose is for you to identify problems with the organization of your paper BEFORE you begin to draft. If you are having a hard time putting your cards into outline form, them you might want to re-think the order of your cards. Note: There are some links on the last Outlining slide that may also help you.

28. Outlining First, be sure that you know what an outline looks like. So, take a look at this sample outline: Sample Outline--Look at the first one called "Alpha-numeric Outline"http://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20081113013048_544.pdf This is what your outline should look like when you are done with it.

29. Outlining Next, lay out your note cards in piles so that you can see the major topics on each pile of cards. Did you remember to make a card with the topic written on it for the top of each pile? If you did, that will make your outline much easier to create!

30. Outlining Now, start creating your outline. Roman numeral one will be the Introduction. Roman numeral two will be the first paragraph, etc. Letters can be used to indicate major details—points that you want to elaborate on. You do NOT need to put every card on the outline. In fact, the outline for this paper should be roughly 1 page! • Introduction • Topic of the first body paragraph A. Detail B. Detail • Topic of the second body paragraph A. Detail B. Detail

31. Outlining Check out these resources for developing an outline: Developing an Outlinehttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/544/1/ Sample Outline--Look at the first one called "Alpha-numeric Outline"http://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20081113013048_544.pdf