Warm-Up – 11/12 – 10 minutes

1. Warm-Up – 11/12 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off. This peak is called ____________. • The wing root reaches its critical AOA _____ making the stall progress _________ toward the wingtip. • By having the wing root stall first, _________ effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining __________ of the aircraft. • Describe two methods used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first. • Critical AOA varies from _________depending on the aircraft’s design.

2. Questions / Comments

3. Warm-Up – 11/12 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off. This peak is called ____________. • The wing root reaches its critical AOA _____ making the stall progress _________ toward the wingtip. • By having the wing root stall first, _________ effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining __________ of the aircraft. • Describe two methods used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first. • Critical AOA varies from _________depending on the aircraft’s design.

4. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off. • This peak is called the CL-MAX.

5. Warm-Up – 11/12 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off. This peak is called ____________. • The wing root reaches its critical AOA _____ making the stall progress _________ toward the wingtip. • By having the wing root stall first, _________ effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining __________ of the aircraft. • Describe two methods used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first. • Critical AOA varies from _________depending on the aircraft’s design.

6. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • In most straight-wing aircraft, the wing is designed to stall the wing root first. • The wing root reaches its critical AOA first making the stall progress outward toward the wingtip.

7. Warm-Up – 11/12 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off. This peak is called ____________. • The wing root reaches its critical AOA _____ making the stall progress _________ toward the wingtip. • By having the wing root stall first, _________ effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining __________ of the aircraft. • Describe two methods used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first. • Critical AOA varies from _________depending on the aircraft’s design.

8. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • By having the wing root stall first, aileron effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining controllability of the aircraft. • Various design methods are used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first.

9. Warm-Up – 11/12 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off. This peak is called ____________. • The wing root reaches its critical AOA _____ making the stall progress _________ toward the wingtip. • By having the wing root stall first, _________ effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining __________ of the aircraft. • Describe two methods used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first. • Critical AOA varies from _________depending on the aircraft’s design.

10. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • In one design, the wing is “twisted” to a higher AOA at the wing root. • Installing stall strips on the first 20–25 percent of the wing’s leading edge is another method to introduce a stall prematurely.

11. Warm-Up – 11/12 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off. This peak is called ____________. • The wing root reaches its critical AOA _____ making the stall progress _________ toward the wingtip. • By having the wing root stall first, _________ effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining __________ of the aircraft. • Describe two methods used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first. • Critical AOA varies from _________depending on the aircraft’s design.

12. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • This critical AOA varies from 16° to 20° depending on the aircraft’s design. • But each aircraft has only one specific AOA where the stall occurs.

13. Questions / Comments

14. THIS DAY IN AVIATION • November 14 • 1910 — The birth of the aircraft carrier occurs when Eugene Ely takes off from the cruiser USS Birmingham in Virginia, on a Curtiss biplane. • The warship has an 83-foot platform built over the foredeck for the take-off.

15. THIS DAY IN AVIATION • November 14 • 1949 — Boeing Airplane Company begins delivery to the United States Air Force of B-50D's equipped with droppable fuel tanks.

16. THIS DAY IN AVIATION • November 14 • 1957 — Chance Vought “Regulus II” completes successful rocket-boosted flight test by United States Navy.

17. THIS DAY IN AVIATION • November 14 • 1966 — A Lockheed C-141 “Starlifter” became the first jet aircraft to land in Antarctica.

18. Questions / Comments

19. November 2013

20. Questions / Comments

21. Chapter 4 – Aerodynamics of Flight FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

22. Today’s Mission Requirements • Mission: • Identify in writing the forces acting on an aircraft in flight. • Describe how the forces of flight work and how to control them with the use of power and flight controls essential to flight. • Describe the aerodynamics of flight. • Describe in writing how design, weight, load factors, and gravity affect an aircraft during flight maneuvers. • EQ: Describe the importance of Aeronautical Knowledge for the student pilot learning to fly.

23. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • There are three flight situations in which the critical AOA can be exceeded: low speed, high speed, and turning.

24. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • The aircraft can be stalled in straight-and-level flight by flying too slowly.

25. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • As the airspeed decreases, the AOA must be increased to retain the lift required for maintaining altitude. • The lower the airspeed becomes, the more the AOA must be increased.

26. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • Low speed is not necessary to produce a stall. • The wing can be brought into an excessive AOA at any speed. • In a dive, the aircraft’s AOA changes abruptly from quite low to very high.

27. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • Since the flightpath of the aircraft in relation to the oncoming air determines the direction of the relative wind, the AOA is suddenly increased, and the aircraft would reach the stalling angle at a speed much greater than the normal stall speed.

28. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • The stalling speed of an aircraft is also higher in a level turn than in straight-and-level flight.

29. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • In a turn, additional lift is acquired by applying back pressure to the elevator control. • This increases the wing’s AOA, and results in increased lift.

30. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • If during a turn the AOA becomes excessive, the aircraft stalls.

31. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • To balance the aircraft aerodynamically, the CL is normally located aft of the CG. • This makes the aircraft inherently nose-heavy, downwash on the horizontal stabilizer counteracts this condition.

32. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • At the point of stall, this allows the aircraft to pitch down abruptly, rotating about its CG. • During this nose-down attitude, the AOA decreases and the airspeed again increases.

33. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • The smooth flow of air over the wing begins again, lift returns, and the aircraft is again flying. • Caution - Considerable altitude may be lost before this cycle is complete.

34. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • Airfoil shape and degradation of that shape must also be considered in a discussion of stalls. • If ice, snow, and frost are allowed to accumulate on the surface of an aircraft, the smooth airflow over the wing is disrupted.

35. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • This causes the boundary layer to separate at an AOA lower than that of the critical angle. • Lift is greatly reduced, altering expected aircraft performance.

36. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • If ice is allowed to accumulate on the aircraft during flight the weight of the aircraft is increased while the ability to generate lift is decreased.

37. Aerodynamic Forces in Flight ManeuversStalls • Icing can occur in clouds any time the temperature drops below freezing and super-cooled droplets build up on an aircraft and freeze.

38. Questions / Comments

39. 1. Create (1) quiz question with answer about today’s lesson. 3. List 3 things you learned today. 2. List 2 things you have questions about today’s lesson. Lesson Closure - 3 – 2 - 1