Warm-Up 

1. Warm-Up • Read pages594-595in your textbook. Answer the following questions: • What was an absolute monarch? • What was divine right? • How are the ideas of absolutism opposite from those of the enlightenment? • Read Louis XIV’s Advice to His Son and make a list of AT LEAST 5 ways Louis told his son to be an ABSOLUTE ruler.

2. Absolutism in Europe World History SSWH15

3. Essential Question How did absolute monarchs develop and flourish during the 16th and 17th centuries?

4. SO…What is ABSOLUTISM? During the late 16th early 17th centuries the rule of absolute Kings held power over every institution and the very well being of the every person in his grasp. They ruled through Divine Right.

5. DIVINE RIGHT Many monarchs believed in Divine Right, the idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarchy acted as God’s representative here on earth. An absolute monarch would answer only to God and not their subjects.

6. Louis XIV Versailles

7. Louis XIV … is considered the most powerful ruler in French history. • Louis said he was France. He was often known to boast out loud “I am the state!” • Although he made these claims and is known for being strong, he came to power when he was only 4 years old.

8. Changes Under Louis XIV • Cardinal Mazarin takes pwr. as minister after Richelieu dies. (not popular-increased taxes & strong central gov’t) • Marizan dies and Louis is 22 (1661) - Complete control: Never let nobles challenge • Nobles were excluded from meetings • Nobles had to wait on Louis hand and foot • Caused the Nobilities to have to depend on Louis • Increased power of intendants.

9. Changes to the Economy • Boost economy (mercantilism) • Jean Baptiste Colbert • Exploration in Canada • Tax breaks to companies in France • High tariffs on imports from other countries

11. Palace of Versailles • Palace he built about 11 miles SW of Paris - required hundreds of servants to live there. • The palace itself stretched over 500 yards and because of its size looked like a small royal city. • Decoration and furnishings showed the type of money Louis spent on his luxurious living.

12. Arts at Versailles • Versailles the center for arts - ballet and opera more important. • Louis even danced the lead role in the ballet, The Sun King. • The purpose of art now, shifted from glorifying God (as it had been in the Middle Ages) or human potential (as it had been during the Renaissance) to glorifying the king. (ABSOLUTISM)

13. The Rise and Fall of Louis • Made France most powerful nation in Europe. • Population and Power of the Army increased • In 1667, Louis invaded the Spanish Netherlands and took 12 towns and expanded his territory. • His powerful expansion and army frightened the other countries in Europe. • War Spanish Succession • Alliance against LOUIS … France starts to weaken • ROYAL DEBT – Tax the people • Luxury • Poor Harvest

15. Legacy of Louis XIV (1715) • Positive • Made France a force to be reckoned with (army/population). • Negative • DEBT – France will have to pay later…

16. Warm Up: Think about it… • How did Louis XIV take steps to be an absolute monarch? • Describe the legacy of Louis XIV and how his actions may impact the future in Fr. • Describe what an absolute monarchy was and some of the characteristics.

18. Spain’s Empire • Philip II now has control over Spain/colonies. • Struggle with $ • Was Spain wealthy? (money problems) • Struggle with Land • “Defender of Religion”  Spanish Armada • Looses Spanish Netherlands (which become wealthy) **Spain still has Portugal/Spain/Colonies, but problems at home cause struggles for Philip. http://www.historycentral.com/thecolonies/ArmadaDefeated.jpg

20. Absolute Monarchy • Although Philip had problems at home; he continued to hold complete control over his nation. • Idea of divine right and absolute rule. • Why did governments take on additional powers to gain ABSOLUTE POWER? • How was Philip II an absolute ruler? • Copy the flow chart into your notes. http://web.presby.edu/~rrheiser/philip.jpg

21. Warm-Up Review your notes from Thursday; Analyze the reign of Philip II of Spain by listing examples of how he retained absolute control in Spain despite all of his domestic issues. You may also use pages 589-595 in your textbook.

22. France and Henry IV • France entered into many religious conflicts after the P. Reform. • Henry IV takes pwr. of Fr.  Catholicism (First Bourbon) • Known for restoring Fr. after wars • Edict of Nantes: Huguenots • Dies  Weak Son  Minister (Cardinal Richelieu: Increase power of the crown) http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/champlainanniversary/gfx/HenryIV.jpg

23. Central European Monarchs • Thirty Years’ War • Peace of Augsburg (1555) • Catholic v. Protestants • Diplomatic war • Development of modern states • Maria Theresa and Austria • Frederick the Great and Prussia VS. http://www.s9.com/images/portraits/19360_Maria-Theresa.jpg http://www.easy-strategy.com/images/Frederick-the-Great.jpg

24. Absolutism in Russia • Ivan the Terrible & Terror • Peter the Great & Westernization http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/00883/thinkquest/Pictures/Ivan_the_Terrible.jpg

25. Peter the Great • In 1682 Peter the Great or Peter I Tsar of Russia. • He believed Russia should make more contact with the other European nations. • Russia was separated from Europe due to various reasons.

28. Asian (Mongol influence)Language (Cyrillic)Religion (Eastern Orthodox)But geography was biggestHe also wanted access to a warm water port

30. Peter wanted to access to Black Sea (Ottomans owned it)-Help from the West (“Grand Embassy”) – 1697 – form an alliance with the West to go against the Ottomans

31. Visited: England, the Dutch Netherlands, Prussia and Austria. -Talked to: scientists, artisans, carpenter in a shipyard so he could learn how ships were made. -He visited schools, factories, hospitals and arsenals.

32. Return to Russia • Reorganized army to be like the French • Attempt at a warm water port close to the Baltic – War with Sweden for 21 years to get the land • “Window to the West” – St. Petersburg (moved capital here from Moscow) • It resembled the W. Euro. cities Peter had visited & began his shipbuilding indust. & navy.

33. St. Petersburg

34. Westernization • To make “western” as in Western Europe (like France, England, Spain, etc.) • Dancing, fashion, cut the beards • Passed new taxes to pay for this process • Followed Louis XIV in his governing style. • Page 610

35. Catherine the Great • Peter dies in 1725, weak monarchs ruled Russia, Peter’s work was not carried on until Catherine II or Catherine the Great. • German princess who married the heir to the Russian throne.

36. -Her husband ruled for only 6 months. -In 1762 he died mysteriously. As czarina Catherine ruled until 1796.-Catherine continued the wishes of Peter & extended Russian contact with Europe. -She also sought warm water ports

37. -Fought a war with the Ottomans -Russia gained access to the Sea of Azov & the Black Sea. *She also made Russia the protector of the Eastern/Greek Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire. -In the west she conquered Poland

39. Honors: In-Class Essay Answer the following question in essay format, using your notes ONLY. NO textbook. Compare the reign of two of the following leaders: Philip II of Spain, Louis XIV of France, Frederick the Great of Prussia, or Peter the Great of Russia. In your comparison include key examples of HOW these individuals took steps towards establishing and maintaining an absolute monarch.

40. Warm-Up • What is an absolute monarchy? • Why was Philip II considered an absolute monarchy? • List a few characteristics of an absolute monarch. • Why did Philip II have domestic $ problems? • Why did Spain attack England?

41. ABSOLUTISM Design a newsletter for “dummies” listing the key characteristics/ actions you should take to be an absolute ruler in Europe during the 16th – 18th centuries. http://smartcanucks.ca/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/for_dummies.gif

42. English Monarchy • Charles I and Petition of Right • English Civil War and Cavilers v. Roundheads  Oliver Cromwell • Restoration (Charles II) and Revolution (James II) • Constitutional Monarchy and Bill of Rights http://www.laughtergenealogy.com/bin/histprof/kings/img/james_ii_1685.jpg http://www.next1000.com/family/EC/OliverCromwell.jpg http://www.english.upenn.edu/~bushnell/english-330/materials/new_state/jamesI_x480-g4.jpeg http://www.pbs.org/shakespeare/images/players/elizabeth_i.jpg http://www.londononline.co.uk/graphics/monarchs/charles_i.jpg http://images.travelpod.com/users/randfamily/1.1235705160.charles-ii-of-england.jpg

44. Quiz: Absolutism • Monarch of France • Known for “Westernization” • Left his country in massive debt • When a king or queen holds complete power over their country/empire. • Protected the Eastern/Greek Orthodox Christians • Czar of Russia • “I am the state” • Anti-Nobility by making them servants • Czarina of Russia • Built the Palace of Versailles • Built the city of St. Petersburg • Won a war against the Ottoman Turks • “Sun King” • The belief that absolute monarchs were in power because God wanted them there; they served no one but God. • Built a “Window to the West”

45. Revolutions American, Latin America, & France SSWH14

46. American Revolution – Add to Vocab 11. French and Indian War 12. Sugar Act 13. Stamp Act 14. Intolerable Acts 15. Articles of Confederation 16. Treaty of Paris 1783

47. United States (1776) • England est. colonies in the mid-1600’s. • Each colony acted independently. • In the 1700’s English settlers began to search for new land.

48. Contact w/ the French settlers in what they called New France. Disagreement arises btwn. The French & G.B. In 1754 a conflict known as the French and Indian War began.

49. lasted nine years. 2. The result was the Treaty of Paris in 1763, (gave GB victory in the W. Hemisphere. ) 3. The British now controlled all of the land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Miss. River and from the Gulf of Mexico almost to the Arctic Ocean.