30 likes | 117 Views
Lecture 5 Animal Evolution – The Invertebrates. Their Reproduction Cycle. Some reproduce asexually-by budding/fragmentation Fragmentation ; small fragments break away from parents to form new sponges. Most freshwater reproduce asexually using gemmules. Gemmules:
E N D
Their Reproduction Cycle • Some reproduce asexually-by budding/fragmentation • Fragmentation; small fragments break away from parents to form new sponges. • Most freshwater reproduce asexually using gemmules. • Gemmules: • clusters of sponge cells with hard covering around them; withstand environmental constraints such as oxygen-poor water, drying out and freezing. • favorable condition germinates to form young sponge.