Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan: MOTORCYCLE & MOPED

1. Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan:MOTORCYCLE & MOPED Dan Galanis Injury Prevention and Control Program Hawaii Department of Health 1250 Punchbowl St., Room 214 Honolulu, HI 96813 Ph: 586-5943 E-mail: daniel.galanis@doh.hawaii.gov

2. Overview of presentation • Fatal traffic crashes • State/national comparisons (CDC data) • Overall data (FARS) • Trends, county comparisons • Contributing factors: alcohol/drug use, helmets, etc. • Time, day of week • Non-fatal traffic crashes • Trends, county comparisons • MVAR/DOT crash data • Descriptions of injuries • Hospital and emergency department (ED) records • Trauma Registry data (Queen’s Hospital)

3. Five-year fatality rates (/100,000) for motorcyclists, Hawaii vs. rest of the U.S., 2000-2004. Rate for Hawaii: 8.1 (5th) Rate for rest of U.S.: 5.7 Rate HI

4. Motorcyclists and moped riders killed in traffic crashes in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005(2006 data (incl. non-residents): 29 deaths; 22 motorcyclists, 7 moped riders)

5. Rates of fatal and non-fatal injuries to motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005

6. RISK FACTORS from FARS, 2001-2005 for fatally injured motorcyclists • Alcohol • Involved in 41% of the 106 fatal crashes (excludes 7 crashes w/ no info) • 35% of fatally injured drivers; 26% >0.08 BAC (excludes 4 drivers) • Alcohol use high for: • Drivers killed during nighttime: 50% positive, with 40% >0.08 BAC • Drivers killed on weekends: 50% positive, with 37% >0.08 BAC • Drivers killed in Hawaii (57%) and Maui (44%) counties (Honolulu: 25%) • Motorcycle drivers (40%) compared to moped drivers (11%) • Older drivers: 48% for those 35-64 years vs. 17% for those under 30 years • Increasing trend: 18% in 2001  43% in 2005 • Drugs • About 1 in 4 drivers (26%) positive for drugs (excludes 7 drivers) • Methamphetamine (11 drivers) • THC (10 drivers) • Amphetamine (7 drivers)

7. Fatally injured motorcycle drivers in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Alcohol status of driver by time of day and day of week

8. RISK FACTORS from FARS, 2001-2005 for fatally injured motorcyclists • Helmet use • Only 1 in every 3 victims (31%) wore helmet • None of the 19 moped riders wore helmets • 38% for remaining motorcycle riders • No trends over time or Oahu vs. Neighbor Island differences • Licensing • Only half (52%) had valid license • Motorcycle drivers (86): • 45% had “no valid license for this class vehicle” • 3% (3 drivers) had no license, including two 15 year-olds • Moped drivers (19): • 26% (5 drivers) had no license • Other factors • Speeding: 37% of drivers (47% on Oahu) • Increasing trend: 18% in 2001  50% in 2005 • Half (49%) of the crashes did not involve another vehicle

9. The “injury pyramid” for injuries to motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii Deaths* 1 (21/yr.) Hospitalizations* 13 : 1 death (~280/yr.) Emergency department visits* 37 : 1 death (~775/yr.) Traffic crashes (police attended) 34 : 1 death (~720/yr.) *Includes only residents of Hawaii

10. Non-fatal traffic crashes involving motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii, 2001-2005 (MVAR/DOT data) • Average of 718 per year • 61% motorcyclists, 39% moped riders • Peak age: 20-24 years • More than half (61%) are 15 to 34 years • Helmet use: 30% • 44% among motorcyclists, 8% moped riders • Helmeted riders significantly younger than those without helmets • Alcohol/drug use: <4% • Reliability of data? • Speeding: 10% • 17% for motorcyclists, 5% moped riders • Inattention/misjudgment: 38%

11. Average annual number of motorcycle and moped drivers involved in non-fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005

12. Annual number of motorcycle and moped drivers involved in non-fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005 *denotes statistically significant trend over 5-year period (/10,000 registered motorcycles and motor scooters)

13. Time of day for fatal and non-fatal crashes involving motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii, 2001-2005

14. Hospitalizations and ED visits for non-fatal injuries among motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii • ~940 documented per year (~1,055 actual?) • ~710 ED visits (~775 actual?) • ~230 hospitalizations (~280 actual?) • Age distribution generally younger • More than half (57%) are 15 to 34 years • Mostly (84%) males • Medical charges • ~$2100/ED visit  $1.6 million/year • ~$40,100/hospitalization  $11.2 million/year

15. Distribution of injuries for motorcyclists and moped riders treated in Hawaii hospitals, 2003-2005

16. Motorcyclists and moped admitted into the Queen’s Trauma Registry, 2001-2005 • Alcohol use: 17% for all admitted • 31% among those tested • Helmet use: 33% (1 in 3) • Helmeted riders were less likely to: • Be positive for alcohol (6%, vs. 22% for unhelmeted) • Have a TBI (37% vs. 64% for unhelmeted) • Have a fatal injury (2.8% vs. 5.5% for unhelmeted)

17. Data summary for motorcycle and moped riders • How much? • *22 deaths/year (18 motorcyclists, 4 moped riders) * >700 non-fatal crashes/year (440 motorcyclists/280 moped) • Who? *Young males: peak age is 20-24 years; half are 15-34y *Mostly males (97% of fatals, 85% of non-fatals) • Where? *Hawaii and Maui counties highest rates for motorcycle (fatal and non-fatal) *Honolulu and Maui counties for moped (non-fatal) • Why? *Alcohol—esp. motorcycle drivers, nighttime crashes *No helmets *No training (?)—many with no valid license