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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Byzantines, Russians, Turks Interact. Section 1 - Byzantine. Western Rome collapsed – 476 AD Byzantine flourished ( Constantinople ) Justinian – had tried to regain lost Roman territory Ruled with absolute authority Spoke Greek (not Latin)

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 Byzantines, Russians, Turks Interact

  2. Section 1 - Byzantine • Western Rome collapsed – 476 AD • Byzantine flourished (Constantinople) • Justinian – had tried to regain lost Roman territory • Ruled with absolute authority • Spoke Greek (not Latin) • *Justinian Code – legal code (life, property, marriage, slavery, inheritance, criminal justice, etc.)

  3. Section 1 Byzantine • Constantinople - Justinian transformed city • Public works, cathedrals (Hagia Sophia) • Baths, aqueducts, courts, schools, hospitals • **Preservation of Greek & Roman culture by scholars • Busy markets, street fairs • Hippodrome Theatre – chariots, musicians, races, performances • Nika Rebellion – 30,000 fans slaughtered – mad that previous riot had been put down harshly

  4. Section 1 - Byzantine • After Justinian’s death, problems • Plague (probably bubonic) • At height (542 AD) – 10,000 per day died! • 100 million people • Invasions – Lombards, Slavs, Bulgars, Persians, Russians, Turks • Finally fell to Ottoman Turks in 1453 • End of Byzantine Empire

  5. Section 1 - Byzantine • Christianity – differs from east to west • West – Pope was the leader • East – Patriarch was the leader; Emperor had power over Church • Issues over use of icons (religious images); riots (East supported, West did not) • 1054 – Pope and Patriarch excommunicated each other – Christianity officially splits (schism) • Catholic and Orthodox (p. 305)

  6. Byzantine Contributions • Preserved Greek culture/learning • Adopted Roman ideas of law • Preserved Christianity (Orthodox) • Great center of wealth and trade • Art, philosophy, science, literature, education • Theatres, palaces, reservoirs (engineering & architecture)

  7. Section 2 - Russia • Much of Russia inhabited by Slavic farmers and traders; spoke similar language • Vikings settled and mixed – became one • Vladimir converts to Christianity (Orthodox) • Kiev becomes major city – Christianity grows

  8. Section 2 - Russia • 1200’s - Mongols (fierce horsemen from central Asia) under Kublai Khan then Genghis Khan sacked Kiev • Thousands slaughtered • Mongol rule • Allowed Christianity • Demanded absolute obedience • Demanded massive tributes (payments) • Failed to conquer Japan – “kamikaze” divine wind • Marco Polo spends 17 years traveling in China

  9. Section 2 - Russia • Princes emerge (in favor with Mongols) • Ivan I moves capital to Moscow – city grows strong and wealthy • Ivan III openly challenged Mongols – turning point – no real fighting but end of Mongol rule • Took title czar

  10. Section 3 - Turks • Persians had moved into Baghdad (945) and put an end to power of caliphs • Still religious leaders but no political power • Turks growing in power (Anatolia) • Herders, traders, raiders, great military skill • Began converting to Islam and moving into Persian territory; eventually gained Persian support • Eventually took over Byzantine Empire • Had also fought Crusaders and Mongols

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