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Good Afternoon !

Good Afternoon !. Collect Congo Prompt NVC Imperialism in South Africa: A Diamond is Forever… Essential Question : Why and how did the British come to take over South Africa ?. The “Race” is on…. Economic forces driving imperialism in Africa Cash crops Rubber (the Congo) Cocoa Coffee

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Good Afternoon !

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  1. Good Afternoon! • Collect Congo Prompt • NVC • Imperialism in South Africa: A Diamond is Forever… Essential Question: Why and how did the British come to take over South Africa?

  2. The “Race” is on… • Economic forces driving imperialism in Africa • Cash crops • Rubber (the Congo) • Cocoa • Coffee • Minerals/Resources • Ivory • Diamonds

  3. Clash over South Africa • 1867 diamonds discovered in South Africa • “The Mineral Revolution”: leads to immigration and urbanization in the region • Sets up conflict between three groups • The Boers • The Zulus • The British

  4. The Three Sides • The Boers • From the Netherlands • Dutch word for “farmer” • Early settlers c. 1652 • The Zulu Kingdom • Strongest kingdom in Africa led by King Shaka • Civilization dates back to 900AD • Skilled warriors • The British • Received rights to South Africa at the Berlin Conference (1884) • 1886 now expanding • “So little done, so much to do.”– Cecil Rhodes

  5. Anglo-Zulu War • Starts over land dispute • British give Zulus an ultimatum to leave land given to Brits by Berlin Conference • British invade Zululand • Battle of Isandlwana • "March slowly, attack at dawn and eat up the red soldiers” • 1300 British soldiers killed

  6. Defeat of the Zulu • Technological advantages of British • Steam engine • Telephone communication • Maxim gun: 1st machine gun • Battle of Ulundi • “Concentrate fire with the artillery and Maxim Guns, and keep it concentrated. Undertake no serious operations with detached units of troops. I will be astonished if they [the Zulus] survive this.”– Field Marshall Wolseley

  7. The Boer Wars (1899-1912) • Boers: Dutch settlers establish large farms c. 1652 • Initial allies of the British during the Zulu Wars • After defeat of Zulus, British begin to encroach on their land (best diamond mines) • British encouraged by Cecil Rhodes • “I would annex the planets if I could. I often think of that. It makes me sad to see them so clear and yet so far.”—Cecil Rhodes

  8. The First Total War • Boers much weaker than British • resort to sneak attacks and commando raids • Boer War characterized as first “Total War” • Total War: nearly every civilian is considered a combatant • Concentration camps • Scorched earth • British victorious • Establish Union of South Africa in 1910

  9. Legacy of Imperialism • South Africa ruled by a white minority until 1994 • Our friend Cecil Rhodes • De Beers: A diamond is forever • Conflict aka “blood” diamonds continue to encourage violence and genocide to this day • By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia are free of imperial rule

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