Ing. Jaroslav Šmíd Knowledge Spillover 21. October 2010

1. Ing. Jaroslav Šmíd Knowledge Spillover 21. October 2010

3. 1967 – Small World Experiment USA 160 randomly selected people Result: average path length is 6

4. 2008 – NET Messenger Service 30 mld. conversations 240 million people Result: average path length is 6.6

5. Internet Source: http://www.opte.org/

6. Co-authorsNetwork Source: Ahmed E. Massen et al.

7. Examples • Neural Network • The Structure of Romantic Relations • Network of citations in scientific publications • Social Network on the Internet • Energy Networks • ... 7/21

8. Clusters Knowledge Knowledge Spillover Conclusion 8/21

9. Clusters • Group of companies • Geografical proximity of companies • Activities in particular and related fields • Availability of specialized service providers and associated institution • Provide an environment conducive to innovation performance of the companies and regions 9/21

10. Cluster Source: Czechinvest „Průvodce klastrem“

11. Financial Services Clustering Source: Peter Taylor et al.

12. Knowledge Knowledge is the result of active learning, a combination of thought and experience. Knowledge is a set of such corresponding information, which give useful meaning. Individual changes information to knowledge by understanding them. 12/21

13. Knowledge • Tacit Knowledge • Explicit Knowledge • Tacit knowledge is knowledge that indwells in a comprehensive cognizance of the human mind. Tacit knowledge needs to be articulated in order to be communicated (Polanyi, 1966). • Explicit knowledge is knowledge with a certain degree of codification that is transmitted using orderly formal language (Polanyi, 1966). 13/21

14. ClassifyingTacitKnowledge • Non-epistle • Socio – cultural • Semantic • Sagacious 14/21

15. Explicit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge Externaliztion Non-epistle Non-codified Codified Socio-cultural Absorbed through Experience Semantic Internalization Sagacious TacitKnowledgeAccessibility Zdroj: FALLAH,H.: Knowledge Spillover and Innovation in Technological Clusters.

16. Knowledge Spillover / Transfer If knowledge (innovation) is spread outside the intended people or organisations, it is knowledge spillover or innovation spillover. If knowledge (innovation) is exchanged intentionally, inside the intended boundary, it is knowledge transfer (innovation). 16/21

17. ThreeLevelsofKnowledgeSpillover • Individual Level • Enterprise Level • Global Level 17/21

18. Knowledge Spillover • Higher innovation performance of regions as well as their competitiveness is often explained by „Knowledge spillover" • Knowledge (Innovation) spillover occurs in the geographical concentration of the appropriate structure of enterprises, universities, research institutions and government. • Knowledge spillovercauses acceleration of the development and subsequent attracts new innovative companies. 18/21

19. KnowledgeSpillover Further accelerating the society development occurs when a companies can capture tacit and explicit knowledge outside the boundaries of the cluster, region and country. • Representation of the company • Global Network • Attract skilled and sophisticated workforce • Bring together experts outside the region 19/21

20. This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. LPP -0384-09: „Concept HCS model 3E vs concept Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)“.

21. Thank you smid@sopk.sk www.komora.name