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Ultrasound

Ultrasound. Ultrasound. What is Ultrasound Defined as sound w/ frequency > 20,000 cycles per sec Ultrasound travels thru materials Thermal & non-thermal properties. Ultrasound. Terminology Transducer (sound head) – converts electrical energy into sound energy

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Ultrasound

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  1. Ultrasound

  2. Ultrasound • What is Ultrasound • Defined as sound w/ frequency > 20,000 cycles per sec • Ultrasound travels thru materials • Thermal & non-thermal properties

  3. Ultrasound • Terminology • Transducer (sound head) – converts electrical energy into sound energy • Power (W) – amount of sound energy per unit of time • Intensity (W/cm2) – amount of power per unit time

  4. Ultrasound • Terminology • Continuous US • Pulsed US

  5. Ultrasound • Terminology • Pulsed US • Duty cycles • 20% duty cycle – 20% on : 80% off • 50% duty cycle – 50% on : 50% off

  6. Ultrasound • Terminology • Frequency – number of cycles per sec (Hz) • 1.0 MHz penetrates deeper tissues • 3.0 MHz or 3.3 MHz penetrates more superficial tissues • Phonophoresis – application of US with a topical drug

  7. Generation of Ultrasound • Crystals in the sound head expand & contract in response to electrical current resulting in resonating ultrasound

  8. Effects of Ultrasound • Thermal Effects • Tissues Affected

  9. Effects of Ultrasound • Thermal Effects • Factors Affecting the Amount of Temperature Increase • Areas of increased collagen content achieve higher temps • Areas of greater circulation cooler faster • Thicker tissues heat slower

  10. Effects of Ultrasound • Thermal Effects • Applying Other Physical Agents in Conjunction With Ultrasound • Hot pack prior to US • US & electrical stimulation • US & cryotherapy – used to limit/control thermal effects of US

  11. Effects of Ultrasound • Nonthermal Effects • Increase intracellular Ca • Increase skin & membrane permeability (phonophoresis) • Increase macrophage response • Increase protein synthesis by fibroblasts

  12. Clinical Applications of Ultrasound • Soft Tissue Shortening • Thermal effects • Pain Control • Thermal effects

  13. Clinical Applications of Ultrasound • Dermal Ulcers • Thermal effects • Increased macrophage activity • Increased protein synthesis by fibroblasts

  14. Clinical Applications of Ultrasound • Surgical Skin Incisions • Thermal effects • Increase macrophage response • Increase protein synthesis by fibroblasts

  15. Clinical Applications of Ultrasound • Tendon Injuries • Thermal effects • Increase macrophage response • Increase protein synthesis by fibroblasts

  16. Clinical Applications of Ultrasound

  17. Clinical Applications of Ultrasound • Bone Fractures • Promotes healing • Simulates osteoblast activity • Increase intracellular Ca • Reabsorption of Calcium Deposits • Unknown how this occurs

  18. Clinical Applications of Ultrasound • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome • Phonophoresis • Unit on phonophoresis in your book is required reading

  19. Contraindications for the Use of Ultrasound • Malignant Tumor • Pregnancy • Central Nervous System Tissue • Joint Cement

  20. Contraindications for the Use of Ultrasound • Plastic Components • Pacemaker • Thrombus • Eyes • Reproductive Organs

  21. Precautions for the Applications of Ultrasound • Acute Inflammation • Epiphyseal Plates • Fractures (high frequency US) • Breast Implants

  22. Adverse Effects of Ultrasound • Adverse effects are “rare” • Burn is the most common adverse effect

  23. Ultrasound Autosound video

  24. Torn Peroneal Tendon After Lateral Ankle Sprain

  25. Use of Ultrasound Debate • http://ptjournal.apta.org/site/misc/podcasts.xhtml#discussions

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