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Ultrasound

Ultrasound. Michael Baram. Objectives. Basic science Terminology Examples Movies What we should and should not be doing. Disclosures. Becoming more of a techy. I have lost my touch for subclavians I tried to trade my kids in for a machine (It did not work). Anatomy of a wave.

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Ultrasound

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  1. Ultrasound Michael Baram

  2. Objectives • Basic science • Terminology • Examples • Movies • What we should and should not be doing

  3. Disclosures • Becoming more of a techy. • I have lost my touch for subclavians • I tried to trade my kids in for a machine (It did not work)

  4. Anatomy of a wave • Velocity = wavelength x frequency • High frequency wave travel more linear and reflected easier

  5. Velocity through material Medium Speed (m/s) Blood 1566 Brain 1505-1612 Fat 1446 Kidney 1567 Liver 1556 Muscle 1542-1656 Bone 2070-5350 Water 1480 Air 333 Brass 4430 • Velocity of a wave is a constant through a given substance (at a constant temperature) • Assumption made all velocity about 1540 m/s

  6. How waves are made

  7. US- the perfect child

  8. Attenuation

  9. Reflection of Beam Partial reflection of a sound beam occurs at a tissue interface.

  10. Breast Mass or Cyst?

  11. Different Waves have different degrees of attenuation

  12. Low vs High Frequency 4 MHz 7 MHz

  13. Reasons for attenuation

  14. GAIN

  15. Shadowing • The lateral edge shadow is a thin acoustic shadow that appears behind edges of cystic structures.  

  16. Shadowing • artifact is similar to reverberation

  17. Terminology Image Interpretation: • Anechoic / Echolucent - Complete absence of returning sound waves, area is black. • Hypoechoic - Structure has very few echoes and appears darker than surrounding tissue. • Hyperechoic / Echogenic - Opposite of hypoechoic, structure appears brighter than surrounding tissue.

  18. Terminology Image Acquisition / Probe Positions: • Transverse Plane - Also known as an axial plane or cross section, separates the superior from the inferior, or, the head from the feet. • Sagittal Plane - Oriented perpendicular to the ground, separating left from right. The "midsagittal plane" is a sagittal plane that is exactly in the middle of the body. • Coronal Plane - Also known as the frontal plane, separates the anterior from the posterior or the front from the back. • Oblique Plane - The probe is oriented neither parallel to, nor at right angles from, coronal, sagittal or transverse planes. • Longitudinal Plane - The longitudinal plane is perpendicular to the transverse plane an can be either the coronal plane or sagittal plane.

  19. Probe Types

  20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fntJ7GLjCSU • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VF_OGTSdSlo&feature=channel • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sb1bM8MnpRk&feature=channel • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpN1R7A0r_0&feature=channel

  21. What we Should and Should Not DO

  22. Thank you • Any questions

  23. Fast Exam • Subxiphoid

  24. bladder

  25. http://folk.ntnu.no/stoylen/strainrate/Ultrasound/ • http://www.sonoguide.com/physics.html

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