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The Categories of Medieval Russian Culture

The Categories of Medieval Russian Culture . Sacred architecture: church as cosmos . St Sofia Cathedral in Kiev , 11th century. The Church of Pokrov, on river Nerl (Vladimir) 1165. Differences in sacred architecture . The plan of the “Latin” Western church (basilika type) .

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The Categories of Medieval Russian Culture

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  1. The Categories of Medieval Russian Culture

  2. Sacred architecture: church as cosmos St Sofia Cathedral in Kiev , 11th century The Church of Pokrov, on river Nerl (Vladimir) 1165

  3. Differences in sacred architecture The plan of the “Latin” Western church (basilika type) The Byzantine church plan: cross-dome type

  4. Church as a sacred space St Sophia of Kiev (facade)

  5. Church: the symbolism of the internal decoration • Dome: Ascention, later Christ Pantocrator • Drum: Prophets • Vaults: Evangelists • Arches (“bridges”): Apostles • Columns: Saints and Martyrs • Eastern wall: Incarnation and salvation • Western wall: Beginning and End (Last Judgement)

  6. Byzantine culture as the predecessor of Russian art

  7. The iconostasis • I.Local Row1. Savior2. Mother of God3. An icon of the church 4. Locally venerated icon5. «Last Supper»6. Royal doorsа) Annunciation б) Evangelists 7. Doors to the deacon’s section 8. Doors to the altar • II. “Deesis” Row 1. Christ Pantocrator (Christ’s Second Coming)2. Mother of God 3. John the Baptist4. Archaengel Gabriel5. Archaengel Michael • III. Feasts • IV.Prophets • V. Forefathers 1. Old testament Trinity • А. Golgotha

  8. What is the Icon? • Not a representation but an indication, a pointer • Image (eikon) • A sacred text • Eyes • Centrality of face (lik)

  9. How to understand the icon? • Four levels of reading: literal, allegorical, moral and anagogic • The principle of otherness; opposite of realism and naturalism • Symbolism of the objects, clothes, colour. Dionisii, St Nicholas. Fresco in Ferapontovo monastery (1490)

  10. The main principles of iconogrpahy • symbolism of colour • Space and time Nativity of Christ: combination of several time/space layers

  11. Reverse perspective Vanishing point Linearperspective Reverse perspective

  12. St Sofia of Kiev (Byzantine masters), 11th century NB blue clothes of Mary, emphasis on virginity

  13. “The Savior with golden hair”, 12th century “an imitation of the provincial Byzantine iconography”

  14. Feofan the Greek, the teacher of Rublev (1340-1410) “Trinity”, a mural from the Church of Savior in Novgorod (1378)

  15. Andrey Rublev 1360-1428 Archangel Michael by Andrey Rublev 14th century

  16. St Paul by Rublev

  17. “Old Testament Trinity” aka “Hospitality of Abraham”(1609)

  18. Andrey Roublev “Trinity”

  19. Dionisii, murals at Ferapontovo monastery

  20. Dionisii,

  21. Icons in the family rituals (the blessing of the young couple)

  22. Icons in home worship

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