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Authors: Dr Aurangzeb Khan, NPD-NIAP/Chief Environment,

Prospects of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Pakistan Case Study of “Clean Drinking Water for All” Programme. IAIA 2011, Puebla, Mexico. Authors: Dr Aurangzeb Khan, NPD-NIAP/Chief Environment, Nazia Zakir Ahmed, DPM/SEA Coordinator-NIAP, Environment Section, Planning Commission

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Authors: Dr Aurangzeb Khan, NPD-NIAP/Chief Environment,

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  1. Prospects of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Pakistan Case Study of “Clean Drinking Water for All” Programme IAIA 2011, Puebla, Mexico Authors: Dr Aurangzeb Khan, NPD-NIAP/Chief Environment, NaziaZakir Ahmed, DPM/SEA Coordinator-NIAP, Environment Section, Planning Commission Government of Pakistan

  2. Presentation Flow • Introduction • CDWA at Glance • Implementation Methodology • Lessons Learned • Can SEA add value • Way Forward

  3. Introduction • Area: 796,096 Km2 • Population: 174.86 million (2011) • Four provinces • Four territories • Seven tribal agencies • 132 districts • > 540 tehsils • > 6600 union councils About 1,500 km

  4. K2 (Godwin Austin) -8,611 m 8000 7000 Indus Gorge 6000 5000 Pothohar Plateau Elevation (meters above sea level) 4000 Edge of Suleiman Range Lower Indus Basin 3000 Kirthar range Upper Indus Basin 2000 Coastal Plain 1000 1,500 km or 15 degrees Introduction (Cont)

  5. Introduction (Cont) Access to Drinking Water Source: Ministry of Science and Technology Dec, 2005

  6. Introduction (Cont) Millennium Development Goal 7: “Ensure Environmental Sustainability” Target 10:“Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water” In order to achieve MDG Target, Government of Pakistan responded with a project aiming to provide safe drinking water to general masses.

  7. Clean Drinking Water for All Programme at Glance Project Titles: Phase I: Clean Drinking Water Initiative Phase II: Clean Drinking Water for All Programme Scope: Entire Pakistan Funded by: Public Sector Development Programmes Execution: Federal and provincial government through various Ministries

  8. Phase I – Salient Features Cost and time over run Phase I:Clean Drinking Water Initiative (July 2004): Total Water Filtration Plants(WFPs) installed = 406 Chlorine-based Filtration = 35 Reverse Osmosis = 56 Duration : 2004-2007(3 years) Scope : One WFP at each Tehsil of Pakistan Original Cost (2004): Rs 115.2 Million = 121 WFPs 1st Revision (2005) : Rs 495.5 Million = 544 WFPs 2nd Revision (2009) : Rs 999.59 Million = 406 WFPs 2004: 1 USD = PKR 57, 2005 :1 USD=PKR 59, 2009: 1 USD= PKR 80

  9. Phase II– Key Facts Cost and Time over run Phase-II: Clean Drinking Water for All (CDWA) Project (2006): Total WFPs to be installed = 6626 Ultra Filtration = 5686 Reverse Osmosis = 940 Duration: 2006-2008 (3 years) Scope: One WFP at each Union Council of Pakistan Original Cost(2006): 7871.74 Million = 6035 WFPs Revised Cost(2007): 15,843 Million = 6626 WFPs 2006 :1 USD=PKR 60, 2007: 1 USD= PKR 60

  10. Implementation Methodology Provincial Government Federal Government • Pre-qualification of Firms; • Selection of technology ; • Water quality survey of sites; • Allocation of funds: • - Capital expenditure; • - Three years O&M. • Selection of sites; • Land acquisition; • Electricity and water source; • Handling of Finances; • Execution and Monitoring.

  11. Governance Lapse Progress

  12. Lessons Learned • Absence of National Drinking Water Policy • Unplanned Expansion of geographical scope (hilly terrain) • No clear concept, feasibility and environmental assessment study • Energy crisis and non availability of electricity

  13. Lessons Learned (Cont) • Site and technology selection criteria • Top driven approach • Lack of institutional capacity • Post installation sustainability(O&M/Staff) • Divided responsibility & lack of ownership • No clear concept of land availability

  14. Lessons Learned (Cont) • Political interference/Vested interests • Lack of SEA regime • Alternatives not considered e.g improvement of existing schemes vs. CDWA • Lack of stakeholder engagement • Lack of Environment based evidence to support implementation.

  15. Costly mistakes made!

  16. Challenges of SEA • With less enforcement EIA system, SEA • Lack of understanding of the SEA as a tool. • Absence of coordination mechanism & public awareness. • Non-availability SEA professionals. • Non-availability of financial support where environment is a less priority.

  17. Way Forward • Effective Adherence to Environment related policies e.g National Drinking Water Policy; • Country wide need assessment for SEA; • Pilot SEA (New Growth S) followed by Legislation for SEA; • Capacity building and mass awareness; • Improvement in existing and traditional drinking water schemes; • Preservation Plan for water reservoirs.

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