Vocabulary and Word List - Best Exam and UPSC Test Preparation

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3. Mammoth (adjective) Meaning: huge Synonyms: gigantic, prodigious Antonyms: tiny, small The statue is a mammoth symbol to honour Sardar Patel’s sworn political enemies, a multi ­thousand tonne salute to everything Patel stood against, to every political idea he dedicated his life to fight and dismantle.

4. Abstemious (adjective) Meaning: indulging very moderately in something Synonyms: abstinent, temperate Antonyms: self-indulgent The proper, abstemious Gujarati in him would have shuddered at the colossal waste of money on the Narmada atrocity; the man who gave up the life and career of a rich and successful barrister and cultivated humility and simplicity for the rest of his life would have been utterly revolted by the pride and puffery a statue.

5. Grotesquerie (noun) Meaning: a state of being strange or ugly in a way that is not normal Synonyms: distorted. gnarled Antonyms: ordinary, normal Let us imagine someone at the time proposing the construction of a massive statue of Mahatma Gandhi for an amount then equivalent to the nearly 3,000 crore that this grotesquerie has cost today.

6. Combat(verb) Meaning: take action to reduce or prevent (something bad or undesirable) Synonyms: oppose, counter Antonyms: surrender If you wanted to show a certain kind of muscular patriotism, the sum would even have been handy being spent in upgrading equipment and combat gear for our soldiers.

7. Chortling (verb) Meaning: laugh in a noisy, gleeful way Synonyms: chuckle, giggle Antonyms: groan, moan I’m sure there are people in Nagpur chortling into their falangist white shirts, thinking this is sweet revenge, that this statue of Patel will actually be a mausoleum of Gandhi’s and Sardar’s principles and ideology.

8. Stubble (noun) Meaning: the cut stalks of cereal plants left sticking out of the ground after the grain is harvested Synonyms: bristles Antonyms: smooth That order was just the latest in a long series of orders and directives by the Supreme Court to try to check the rampant rise in pollution levels in Delhi caused by a toxic mix of vehicular emissions, emissions from thermal power plants, construction dust and open burning of refuse along with seasonal additions like fine dust blowing in from the Thar desert during some summer months and smoke from burning field stubble in neighbouring States, especially in October and November.

9. Immaculate (adjective) Meaning: perfectly clean Synonyms: pristine, unsullied Antonyms: dirty, grubby The immaculate first editions cherished by rare book collectors — no notes, no signatures, no bookplates — now leave me cold.

10. Tactical (adjective) Meaning:showing adroit planning; aiming at an end beyond the immediate action Synonyms: shrewd, skillful Antonyms: unwise, spontaneous The AkhilBharatiyaVidyarthiParishad, with tactical support from the RashtriyaSwayamsevakSangh, took charge of framing the extant debates in middle­ class Gujarati households.

11. Starkly (adverb) Meaning: in a way that is severe or harsh in appearance Synonyms: absolute, blunt Antonyms: indefinite Nowhere is this starkly seen in Kerala’s Kannur district, where political violence between RSS and CPI(M) workers are often thinly veiled as revenge killings against those who “betray” political loyalties.

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13. Grandiose (adjective) Meaning:extravagantly imposing in appearance or style Synonyms: resplendent, magnificent Antonyms: modest, unimpressive Imagine this and you have no choice but to imagine the tsunami of cold fury of which the man was capable when confronted with hypocrisy, deception, pomposity or grandiose buffoonery.

14. Strenuously (adverb) Meaning: in a way that requires great physical exertion. Synonyms: energetically, vigorously Antonyms: feebly, weakly Putting the seal on the clear drift in the U.S. Afghanistan and South Asia policy from the past was the exit of Defence Secretary James Mattis, author of the South Asia policy. Mr. Mattis had pushed most strenuously to keep India in the Afghan game by swinging a waiver for India on Chabahar and Iran oil purchases.

15. Pernicious (adjective) Meaning: having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way. Synonyms: inimical, malevolent Antonyms: beneficial, benign Mob lynching is perhaps the most pernicious consequence of the growing aggression of Hindutva politics since 2014, and the pattern it has set poses the most mortal threat to India’s secular fabric.

16. Succour (noun) Meaning: assistance and support in times of hardship and distress. Synonyms: aid, assist Antonyms: blockage, hindrance In the absence of any succour from any of the government agencies, the victims, with the help of the BDS, petitioned some MPs. Responding to a question raised in the LokSabha in 1997, the Union Health Ministry released a note prepared by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).

17. Succumbing (verb) Meaning: fail to resist pressure, temptation, or some other negative force Synonyms: capitulate Antonyms: continue The APMDC, now known as the Telangana State Mineral Development Corporation (TSMDC), ran the mines from 1965 to 1974, and then shut them down abruptly when they saw that the workers were succumbing en masse to silicosis.

18. Shrouded (verb) Meaning: cover or envelop so as to conceal from view. Synonyms: swathe,conceal Antonyms: overt, expose Silicosis, an incurable disease, remained shrouded in mystery for a long time due to misdiagnosis and the delayed manifestation of symptoms. The locals called it “guttalabimari”, or “the disease from the hills”.

19. Lacunae (noun) Meaning: a falling short of an essential or desirable amount or number Synonyms: scarcity,dearth Antonyms: abundance Only an emergency measure to address the serious lacunae can bring some semblance of order to these faceless shelters. Most of the inmates are orphaned, abandoned, sexually abused, trafficked or victims of disasters and conflict

20. Leeway (noun) Meaning: the amount of freedom to move or act that is available. Synonyms: scope, liberty Antonyms: inflexible The next recession may thus witness central banks adopting even more unconventional methods to stimulate their economies. Some hope that governments will ramp up spending to compensate for the lack of monetary policy leeway.

21. Pruned (verb) Meaning: reduce the extent of (something) by removing superfluous or unwanted parts. Synonyms: reduce, diminish Antonyms: lengthen Suspending personal preference, and keeping in view our collective interest, I ask what the country urgently needs in the immediate future. I have deliberately pruned this list down to just five needs, not necessarily in order of importance.

22. Hustings (noun) Meaning: a meeting at which candidates in an election address potential voters Synonyms: pulpit Thus, a candidate of any party with a profile to offer better patronage could have a higher chance of succeeding at the hustings, implying greater decentralised use of money and muscle power

23. Tandem (adjective) Meaning: having two things arranged one in front of the other. Synonyms: placement, arrangement Antonyms: disorganised Elected leaders must ensure that these institutions work in tandem to realise collective purpose; they must not capture and run them according to their whims. They must facilitate their respective functions rather than arbitrarily interfere, misuse or abuse institutions.

24. Psephologists (noun) Meaning: person who studies the scientific study of elections Synonyms: sociology This is the year of the general election. Political analysts and psephologists have already begun to forecast which party will get the largest number of parliamentary seats, and if it fails to secure a majority, the alliance partners it would seek to form a government.

25. Abomination (noun) Meaning: a thing that causes disgust or loathing. Synonyms: atrocity, obscenity Antonyms: liking, love Will the elected government stop this abomination, do all it can to prevent any expression of hate or occurrence of violence, and build a more inclusive society?

26. Obnoxious (adjective) Meaning: extremely unpleasant Synonyms: abhorrent, annoying Antonyms: agreeable, friendly A related point: it is shameful enough that a civilised society discriminates on grounds of religion, language, race, gender or caste. But to target a group because of any one of these and kill, maim, oppress, or humiliate it is downright obnoxious.

27. Scramble (adjective) Meaning: to move or climb quickly but with difficulty, often using your hands to help you: Synonyms: struggle, clamber Antonyms: peace My guide was young and he quickly climbed up. With his help, I somehow managed to scramble up the mud incline. I am glad that I did, for I immediately saw a huge hall and soaring arches.There was a sense of desolation, mystery and a strange undercurrent of spirituality in the mosque.

28. Clarion (adjective) Meaning: loud and clear Synonyms: promulgate Antonyms: soft But Mr. Modi’sclarion call to make India Congress ­mukt, without doubt, has been ideologically inspired and can be traced to the Hindu Right’s ambition in the 1920s to build a Hindu Rashtra.

29. Pummel (verb) Meaning: to defeat badly Synonyms: lambaste Antonyms: compliment, praise You already have nuclear deterrence. On top of that, you have enough conventional weapons to pummel Pakistan ten times over. Even if you sold all your PSUs, rivers, mineral resources, and borrowed all you could, and put all of that money exclusively in your defence budget, you still won’t achieve parity with China.

30. Dissenting (verb) Meaning: hold or express opinions that are at variance with those commonly or officially held Synonyms: discord, objection Antonyms: acceptance, approval Without trivialising heroic contributions made by non Congress leaders, it would be fair to say that many of the dissenting Congress leaders often played stellar roles in leading movements against the Congress governments, so much so that they literally helped set up almost all the non ­Congress governments till 2014.

31. Splurging (verb) Meaning: spend (money) freely or extravagantly. Synonyms: exorbitant, lavish Antonyms: economical It’s a question that not even Rahul Gandhi dares to ask. The biggest scam is that there is no debate at all on whether India should be splurging on these super­ expensive jets in the first place, on whether there isn’t another way to secure your interests.

32. Pliable (adjective) Meaning: easily influenced. Synonyms: biddable, adaptable Antonyms: obdurate Some of you may not agree but I strongly believe that India’s greatest achievement since Independence is the inking of the ROFL deal with the French and the handover of the offset component to Double A, a man whose patriotism and commitment to excellence is blindingly clear to all but a handful of pliable journalists.

33. Encapsulate (verb) Meaning: express the essential features of (something) succinctly. Synonyms: summarize, abridge Antonyms: elongate, extend A distinction can be made between quietness and silence in the social context. Quietness is necessary for thinking and communicating, and literature, when it uses silence, does exactly this: it halts the easy flow of words to suggest what the words cannot encapsulate.