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Predicting Solubility with Solubility Rules

Predicting Solubility with Solubility Rules. Solubility and solution concentrations are usually expressed in units of mol/L Different compounds have different solubility

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Predicting Solubility with Solubility Rules

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  1. Predicting Solubility with Solubility Rules • Solubility and solution concentrations are usually expressed in units of mol/L • Different compounds have different solubility • Generally if a solute has a solubility of greater than 0.1 M in a particular solvent, it is classified as soluble in that solvent • If it is less than 0.1 M, then the solute is insoluble (forms a precipitate) in that solvent • Through experimentation, a set of qualitative “solubility rules” have been determined

  2. Solubility Rules All compounds soluble Ions of group l (Li+, Na+, K+, etc.), NH4+ and H+ All compounds soluble CH3COO-, NO3-

  3. S-2 with Mg+2, Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2, Ra+2 and ions in group l Soluble compounds S-2 with all other positive ions Forms precipitates Forms precipitates Cl-, Br- and I- with Ag+, Pb+2, Cu+1, Tl+

  4. SO42- with Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2, Ra+2, Pb+2 Forms precipitates OH- with Sr+2, Ba+2, Ra+2, Tl+ and ions in rule 1 Soluble compounds OH- with all other positive ions Forms precipitates

  5. PO4-3, CO3-2, SO3-2 with positive ions in rule 1 Soluble compounds PO4-3, CO3-2, SO3-2 with all other positive ions Forms precipitates

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