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Solubility Rules

Solubility Rules. 1.The common acids are soluble in water. Examples: HCl H 2 SO 4. 2. Most salts of the alkali metal ions (Li +1 , Na +1 , K +1 and Rb +1 ) and ammonium ion (NH 4 +1 ) are soluble in water. Examples:. LiCl NaCl NH 4 I.

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Solubility Rules

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  1. Solubility Rules

  2. 1.The common acids are soluble in water. Examples: • HCl • H2SO4

  3. 2. Most salts of the alkali metal ions (Li +1, Na+1,K+1 and Rb+1) and ammonium ion (NH4+1) are soluble in water.

  4. Examples: • LiCl • NaCl • NH4I

  5. 3. Most nitrate (NO3-1), acetate (C2H3O2-1), and chlorate (ClO3-1) salts are soluble.

  6. Examples: • NaC2H3O2 • Pb(NO3)2 • KClO3

  7. 4. Most Cl-1, Br-1, and I-1 salts are soluble. Exceptions are salts with Hg2+2, Pb+2, Ag+1, and Cu+2.

  8. Soluble salts: KI NaBr Insoluble salts: PbI2 AgCl Examples:

  9. 5. Sulfates (SO4-2) • Most salts are soluble • Exceptions are salts with Ba+2, Pb+2, and Ca+2

  10. Soluble salts: Na2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 Insoluble salts: BaSO4 CaSO4 Examples:

  11. 6. Hydroxides (OH-1) • Most are insoluble • Exceptions are those of group 1 cations and group 2 cations from Mg down

  12. Soluble salts: NaOH Ca(OH)2 Insoluble salts: Cu(OH)2 Pb(OH)2 Examples:

  13. 7. CO3-2, S-2, and PO4-3 • Insoluble • Except salts of group 1 cations and NH4+1

  14. Soluble salts: Na2CO3 K2CO3 Insoluble salts: CaCO3 PbCO3 Examples:

  15. Complete self check exercises a-c on page 190

  16. Answers: • a. Ba(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaCl (aq) 2NaNO3(aq) + BaCl2 (aq) No precipitation

  17. b. Na2S(aq) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq)  2NaNO3 (aq) + CuS(s) Precipitate forms

  18. C. 2NH4Cl (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) PbCl2 (s) + 2NH4NO3 (aq) Precipitate forms

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