Chapter 4 outline

1. The American Pageant Chapter 4outline By Heather Thai and Jessie Gong

2. The Unhealthy Chesapeake • Disease driven Virginia and Maryland cut off about 10 years from the average English life span. • Families were unable to grow because of the quick life. Many children didn’t live to see adulthood. Children grew up with one or no children and many marriages failed because of disease. • 2nd generation babies acquired immunity to the diseases. • Population in Virginia grew based on birthrate to the most populous colony.

3. The Tobacco Economy • Chesapeake region was based on growing tobacco. Many settlers came for tobacco alone; they’d even plant tobacco before corn. • The mass market of tobacco caused the import of indentured servants.

4. Frustrated Freemen and Bacon’s Rebellion • Virginia Governor Berkley upset many of the people with his comments on the economy of the majority of his colony. The majority were freemen that were roaming around looking for land to grow tobacco. • There were a series of attacks on the frontier from the Indians, but Berkley refused to do anything about it because they were exchanging furs. • Nathaniel Bacon, frustrated about the attacks, led a mass of freemen to drive Berkley out of town. • Civil war erupted in Virginia; Bacon died during their civil war because of disease. Berkley easily crushed the rebellion after Bacon’s death. • Bacon’s Rebellion caused many landlords to fear their servants because of rebellion. Thus started the African slave trade.

5. Colonial Slavery

6. Africans in America

7. African in American cont. Jazz Voodoo

8. Southern Society Disease and poverty society gave way to a social hierarchy of wealth and status at the end of the 18th century

9. The New England Family

10. New England Family cont. • The social class of women was extremely different than the South. Women in the South had the right to gain property because of the sudden deaths of the husband. N.E. feared that women’s rights might upset the unity of the marriage. Women were denied rights of inheritance since women widowhood was so uncommon.

11. From African to African American

12. Life in the New England Towns The Meeting house was in the center of the town, it was the “life of the town. ” 1) New town were legally charter by the colonial authorities and the distribution of land was entrusted to the town fathers, or " proprietors" a) in every town was a meeting house, which served as both the place of worship and town hall. and also a village green b) towns of more than fifty families were required to provide elementary education. After 8 years, the Massachusetts puritans established Harvard college. which train local boys for ministry. [In 1963, Virginians establish their first college, William and Mary. ] 2) Puritans ran their own churches, and democracy in Congregational church government led logically to democracy in political government. a) the town meeting, in which freemen met together and each man voted, exhibited democracy in its purest form

13. Life in the new England towns cont. Harvard University was founded in 1636.

14. The Half- Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trial • Worries plagued the God-fearing pioneers of these tidy new England Settlements. • about the middle of the seventeenth century a new form of sermon began to be heard from puritans pulpits - the "jeremiad." earnest preachers scolded parishioners for their waning piety. • in 1662 minister announced a new formula for church membership, the "half way covenant." it offered partial membership rights to people not yet converted.

15. Witchcraft persecution were common in Europe, and was breaking out in the colonies. • Reasons: • superstitions of the age • unsettled social and religious conditions of rapidly evolving Massachusetts village. • the accused witches was mostly from merchant elites; their accusers came from ranks of the poorer family. Salem witch trial ended in 1693, when the governor was alarmed that his own wife was being accused of witchcraft. The Half- Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trial cont. Definition of witch craft: As a metaphor for the often dangerously irrational urge to find a scapegoat for social resentment.

16. The New England Way of Life New Englanders prided themselves as God's Chosen people. I come from the city of Boston The home of the bean and the cod Where the Cabot's speaks only to Lowells And the Lowells speak only to God. “The Gold Mines of New England” 1) Geography of New England Stony soil and sulfurous religion. Which made New England less ethnically mixed than its neighbors. Since the land was unattractive. Rivers were short and rapid. 2) the climate in New England was extreme: the summer was uncomfortably hot and winter cruelly cold. which encourage diversified agriculture and industry. a. Crops in the south did not work in N.E. Black slavery was attempted but didn’t work. 3. The Europeans in New England chastised the Indians for “wasting” the land, and felt a need to clear as much land for use as possible. a) introduction of livestock's => need for more land. 4. They became expert in ship building and commerce. And also exploited codfish "the gold mines of New England." Fishing became a very popular industry.

17. The Early Settlers' days and ways The majority of colonist were farmers. • Early farmers usually rose at dawn and went to bed at dusk. • a) Few events were done during the night unless they were “worth the candle.” • Life was humble but comfortable, at least in accordance to the surroundings. • Women, slave or free tended to domestic duties. While Men did outside jobs concerning the land and farm. Children helped with both jobs and picked up schooling as needed. • Land was relatively cheap. • People enjoyed wealth and security. • Most of the Europeans that migrate to the New World was mostly middle class, and some indentured servants. • Because of the general sameness of class in America, laws against extravagances were sometimes passed, but as time passed, America grew.