Three Early Chinese Dynasties Zhou, Qin, Han

1. Three Early Chinese DynastiesZhou, Qin, Han

2. I. The Zhou Dynasty – 1028 B.C. – 256 B.C. • A. The Zhou conquered the last Shang king around 1028 B.C. • 1. Zhou rulers claimed the Mandate of Heaven (heaven’s approval) • 2. They established a feudal system (feudalism) • a. Kings gave land to nobles in exchange for loyalty • b. peasants worked land in exchange for protection

3. Chinese feudal system developed under the Zhou dynasty King Grants use of land to nobles in exchange for loyalty Nobles Give loyalty and armies to the king Peasants Work the land for the nobles in exchange for shelter, protection, and food Merchants Lower status than peasants because riches come from other’s work

4. B. Zhou technological advances • 1. Major advancement = use of iron • 2. cast iron = stronger weapons & farming tools; increased production • 3. invented crossbow • 4. invented silk cloth – becomes major trade item

5. C. Zhou dynasty crumbles • 1. Zhou lose power & enters Era of the Warring States • 2. regional kings fighting each other for land and power • 3. The Qin eventually win and unite China

6. II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge Why do you think there was an effort to find a new governing style? Confucianism “The Analects” Teachings of Confucius Daoism Balance/Harmony with Nature “Respect yourself and others will respect you.”

7. II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge • A. Confucianism • 1. Impact of Confucianism in forming the social order in China • a. Belief that humans are good, not bad • b. Respect for elders – Filial Piety - http://www.stanford.edu/group/confucian/cgi-bin/blog/?p=149 • c. Code of Politeness (still use in Chinese society today) • d. Emphasis on education • e. Ancestor worship Respect link

9. Confucianism - Filial Piety – Respect/obey elders/family - Every member of society has duty. - Role model or follower or both Writing and teachings of Confucius = Analects He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it. -Confucious What Chinese concept is Confucius reinforcing?

10. II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge • B. Taoism • 1. Impact of Taoism in forming Chinese culture and values • a. Humility – low view of one’s own importance • b. Simple life & inner peace • c. Harmony/balance with nature Lao Zi - founder Yin and Yang represent opposites for Confucianism and Taoism.

11. III. The Qin Dynasty – 221 B.C. – 210 B.C. • A. Around 221 B.C., the Qin defeat rival kingdoms & unite much of China • 1. strong centralized gov’t formed • 2. military districts allowed emperor to maintain control • 3. Qin Shihuangdi = 1st emperor of China • 4. China gets its name from Qin

12. B. Qin Shihuangdi – his achievements • 1. standardized weights and measures and coinage • 2. created uniform writing system • 3. constructed Great Wall of China

13. C. The Great Wall of China • 1. Invaders raided Chinese settlements from the North. • 2. Qin built the Great Wall to guard against these invasions • 3. Wall extended over 4,000 miles • 4. built with forced labor – many died during construction

18. D. The End of the Qin Dynasty • 1. Qin Shihuangdi dies in 210 B.C. • 2. He is buried with an army of terra cotta (clay) soldiers and horses • 3. The dynasty weakens; loses control of country • 4. 206 B.C. Han Dynasty comes to power

19. IV. The Han Dynasty – 206 B.C. – A.D. 220 • A. Wudi – The greatest Han ruler • 1. He greatly expanded the empire • 2. He expanded trade routes to the west known as the Silk Roads • a. Silk Roads = Series of trade routes linking China and the Mediterranean cultures & Roman Empire

20. 3. He established the Civil Service System – system/tests for selecting most able person for gov’t jobs. • 4. The Han Dynasty rivaled the Roman Empire in: • Size • Population • government Taking the Civil Service Exam

21. Silk Roads – Connect China to Mediterranean Sea and Roman Empire

22. Silk Roads

24. Silk Roads Indian Ocean trade routes

25. B. Fall of the Han Dynasty • 1. After Wudi died the dynasty weakened. • 2. The Huns eventually overthrew the Han Dynasty

26. C. Other contributions of Classical China • 1. invented paper • 2. porcelain • 3. gun powder • 4. wheelbarrow

27. Early Chinese Crossbows Repeating Crossbow

28. The Warring States Period of Ancient China480 BCE to 221 BCE

29. Daoism/Taoism Balance and harmony with nature Yin and Yang

30. The Terra Cotta soldiers of Shi Huangdi’s tomb

31. Zhou iron axe

32. The Great Wall and Silk Road The Great Wall – pg. 100 Draw in, generally, the location of the great Wall of China. What was the main purpose of the Great Wall of China? _____________________________________________________________________ From the map, what does the location of the wall tell you about China’s threats?__________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Silk Road– pg. 184-85 Draw in, generally, the location of the Silk Roads. The Silk Road was used for what purpose? _____________________________________________________________________________ The Silk Roads connected what two cultures/empires? ____________________________________________________________________ The Silk Road split to avoid which geographic barrier? ___________________________________________________________________ How did the Silk Roads contribute to cultural diffusion? __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

33. Two Great Empires: Han China and Rome Use chart on pg. 187 Han China Rome Comparative Thesis: ___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________