Secession and the Civil War

1. Secession and the Civil War 1860-1865 Chapter 15

3. Abraham Lincoln • 16th President of the United States • Lawyer/Politician • Republican views • Contributed to abolishing of slavery • Reunited the Union

4. Jefferson Davis • President of the Confederacy • Elected to a six year term • Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce (Union) • Democratic U.S Senator representing Mississippi • Inability to organize and stabilize Confederacy led to downfall

5. John Crittenden • Politician; Senator representing the state of Kentucky • Worked for the preservation of the Union during the Civil War • Proposed the Crittenden Compromise • Extended the Missouri Compromise line and made sure that the 3/5 compromise as well as the fugitive slave law remained perpetual

6. General Robert Lee • Confederate General • Loyal to sovereignty • From Virginia • Began Confederate battle plans boldly and successfully but, as war continued, lack of organization and distribution of supplies, along with ineffective orders from President Davis, led to defeat

7. General Winfield Scott • Union General • Also from Virginia, but dedicated loyalty to Union • Importance: Anaconda Policy

8. General Ulysses S. Grant • Union General • Won several key battles • Battle of Shiloh (seized control of Kentucky and Tennessee) and Battle of Chattanooga • Gained reputation as a fierce and bold commander • From Ohio

9. Ralph Waldo Emerson • Writer During Civil War • Philosophy and transcendental essayist • Many influential works analyzing war and its causes

10. Intermission • Fun Fact: • The most money ever paid for a cow in an auction was $1.3 million. • Elephants are the only mammals that can't jump. • Civil War related: • A relative of John Wilkes Boothe once saved the son of Abraham Lincoln from an onrushing train, and saved his life. • General Stonewall Jackson (Confederacy) was accidentally shot by his own men while returning to his camp in the dark.

11. Major Events of the Civil War

12. Election of Abraham Lincoln • Elected 16th President of the U.S on November 6, 1860 • Causes: Association with Republican party and many campaign attempts, caught the best of Northern interests with promises of limitation of slavery • Effects: Provoked the secession of seven states from the Union

13. Secession of the South • Starting with the secession of South Carolina, multiple southern states secede from the Union • Causes: The election of President Abraham Lincoln causes southern states to make the final decision of secession starting with a state that had been on the forefront of pro-slavery, South Carolina. Arguments between cooperationists and those who wanted state-by-state secession delayed complete secession. • Effects: Secession caused the Union to try and strengthen its grip on whatever territory it had left and launch an inevitable armed conflict.

14. Bombardment of Fort Sumter • Confederates bombarded one of the last Union-in-the- South held forts into submission. • Causes: Confederates wanted to take the fort for strategic purposes. • Effects: Confederates took fort as first victory without a single casualty on either side.

16. Battle of Bull Run • First major battle of the Civil War, and humiliating defeat for the North, the Battle of Bull Run shook the command of the North and forced them to double think strategy if victory was to be achieved. • Causes: Civil War had begun and General Winfield Scott ordered troops to advance on Confederate troops organized in Virginia. • Effects: the poorly trained soldiers were no match for a reinforcement of nine thousand Confederate troops and eventually retreated.

17. The Issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation • On September 22, 1862, Lincoln issued the preliminary E.P to show action on his part and on January 1, 1863 declared that all slaves were free. • Causes: Inactivity on his part was causing Republicans to show doubt in his plan, and Lincoln declared it was a necessity. • Effect: at first not a single slave was freed, but as word began to spread of the proclamation, slaves were encouraged to run and cross Union lines to find refuge in their legislation.

18. Enrollment Act of March 1863 & New York Riot of July 1863 • A draft call that basically conscripted all white males to military duty • Caused an uproar among working class • Refused to “fight for the niggers” • Led to violent riots which left 120 dead and a dozen lynchings

19. Congress Passes the 13th Amendment • In January of 1865, Congress passes the 13th Amendment which abolishes slavery permanently. • Causes: With the war having turned to the North, its war aims are realized and congress passes the necessary amendment. • Effects: Slaves are constitutionally freed, and helps bring war to a close.

20. Important Documents

21. The Emancipation Proclamation (1863) • The Emancipation Proclamation was a piece of declaration written by Abraham Lincoln that declared that all slaves within Confederate held territories were hereby free. • It was important because it showed activity in the house on Lincoln’s part, and turned morale up towards achieving the desired aims of the war.

23. The Gettysburg Address (1863) • Defined the ongoing purpose of the Civil War as a unifying force for a new birth of freedom in the nation that assured that democracy would always remain a variable form of government. • It was important because it brought together the views of the Union into a broader, more holistic goal and showed why the Civil War was actually being fought.

25. The Confederate Constitution • The Confederate Constitution was the “law of the land” of the south and it spelled out the legislation by which the South was to live by. It was written by the states of the Deep South which met in Montgomery, Alabama to form the Confederate States of America. • Showed the states of the Deep South taking a stand against the Union and moving forth in their plan to secede and gain independence of an antislavery government.

26. Major Legislation

27. Summary of Major Legislation • The Emancipation Proclamation (1863) • The Enrollment of March 1863 • The 13th Amendment

28. Court Cases • No major court cases during 1860-1865

29. Resources • Divine Robert A., et al. AMERICA Past and Present. Upper Saddle River, NJ: • Pearson Education Inc., 2011. Print. • N.p, ThinkQuest. Oracle Education Foundation. Web. 30 December 2011. • N.p, Abraham Lincoln Online. Showcase.Netins.Net. Web. 30 December 2011. • King, Darwin L., et al. Find Articles. Money Library. Web. 30 December 2011.