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Atomic Structure & Elements

Atomic Structure & Elements. Size of the Atom. Average sized atom 0.00000003 cm Aluminum foil 50,000 atoms thick 1 penny 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms of copper and zinc (20 thousand billion billion. Parts of the Atom. Proton- Positive (+) particle (nucleus) Determines the element

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Atomic Structure & Elements

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  1. Atomic Structure &Elements

  2. Size of the Atom Average sized atom 0.00000003 cm Aluminum foil 50,000 atoms thick 1 penny 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms of copper and zinc (20 thousand billion billion

  3. Parts of the Atom • Proton- Positive (+) particle (nucleus) • Determines the element • Neutron- Neutral (0)particle (nucleus) • Nucleus- Central, dense core of atom • Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom and make up almost all the mass of the atom. • Electron- Negative (-) particle (electron cloud around nucleus)

  4. The atom is mostly empty space Nucleus – Protons and neutrons Electron cloud is the area where electrons of an atom are most likely found. Modern view of the atom

  5. Counting the Pieces Review • Atomic Number= Number of protons • Atomic Mass= Protons + Neutrons • # of protons determines kind of atom. • Neutral Atom= the same number of protons and electrons • All particles in the atom have mass. • Proton= 1amu (atomic mass unit) • Neutron= 1amu • Electrons have a very small mass

  6. Atoms and Elements • Atoms of different elements are different • Determined by # of protons • Atoms of the same element are almost the same • Isotopes have a different number of neutrons • Does not change the charge of the atom. • Occur naturally and share the same properties • Some are unstable and the nucleus can change composition (radioactive isotopes)

  7. Isotope

  8. Naming the Isotopes Mass number of this atom • 32He • 42He • 126C • 146C • 23592U • 23992U Atomic Mass Atomic Number Atomic number of the element Element Symbol This atom of hydrogen has two protons and one neutron. 1 + 1+ 1= 3 amu

  9. 21H 11H 31H Write the isotopes of Hydrogen shown.

  10. Atomic Mass • The atomic mass is not a whole number because it is a weighted average of all the oxygen isotopes in the world.

  11. Measuring Atomic Mass • Atomic mass is measured in Atomic Mass Units or AMU’s and is the addition of the number of Protons and Neutrons in an atom. Same number of electrons & Protons Neutrons different. Atomic Mass=________ Atomic Mass=________

  12. Elements Chapter 4 Section 1

  13. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and have the same properties • Classified by properties • Grouped into categories using these properties • Metals • Metalloids • Non-metals

  14. Three Categories of Elements • Metals • Shiny • Good conductors of thermal energy • Good conductors of electrical current • Malleable • Ductile • Located on the left side of the periodic table

  15. Three Categories of Elements • Nonmetals • Dull • Poor conductors of thermal energy • Poor conductors of electric current • Brittle/ unmalleable • Located on the right side of the periodic table

  16. Three Categories of Elements • Metalloids • Sometimes called semi-metals or semiconductors • Can be shiny or dull • Somewhat malleable • Somewhat ductile • Some are good conductors of thermal energy and electrical current

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